Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Vaccine. 2024 Jun 11;42(16):3578-3584. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.064. Epub 2024 May 3.
The smallpox vaccine developed by Jenner in 1798 was successfully introduced in France in 1800 with the support of Napoleon Bonaparte. The medals and tokens (coin-like medals) issued to encourage early-day vaccination activities are described in the context of the changing political situation in that country. In 1800 a private society of subscribers, led by the Duke of La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt was created, along with a Vaccine Committee charged with evaluating the safety and efficacy of vaccination before deciding if vaccination should be extended to the entire population. The Vaccine Committee published a positive report in 1803, and in 1804, the Ministry of the Interior established the "Society for the extinction of smallpox in France by means of the propagation of the vaccine". The creation of the Society made smallpox vaccination an official activity of the empire, facilitating collaboration between government agencies. The vaccine institution, established by Napoleon in 1804, continued its functions until 1820 when the Royal Academy of Medicine was created and took over those functions. This case exemplifies the collaboration that was needed between science and politics to rapidly bring the recently developed smallpox vaccine to the needed population.
詹纳于 1798 年研发的天花疫苗，在拿破仑·波拿巴的支持下，于 1800 年成功引入法国。本文描述了 1800 年，在该国政治形势不断变化的背景下，为鼓励早期接种活动而发行的奖章和代币（类似硬币的奖章）。当时，在拉罗什富科-利昂库尔公爵的领导下，一个由订户组成的私人社团成立了，同时还成立了一个疫苗委员会，负责评估接种的安全性和有效性，然后再决定是否将接种范围扩大到全体民众。疫苗委员会在 1803 年发表了一份积极的报告，1804 年，内政部成立了“通过推广疫苗在法国消灭天花的协会”。该协会的成立使天花疫苗接种成为帝国的一项官方活动，促进了政府机构之间的合作。1804 年拿破仑建立的疫苗机构一直运作到 1820 年，当时皇家医学院成立并接管了这些职能。这一案例体现了科学与政治之间需要进行合作，以便迅速将新研发的天花疫苗提供给需要的人群。
