Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Anicura, Albano Small Animal Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden.
Vet Rec. 2024 Jun 15;194(12):e3895. doi: 10.1002/vetr.3895. Epub 2024 May 5.
Pugs commonly present with thoracolumbar myelopathy, also known as pug dog myelopathy (PDM), which is clinically characterised by progressive signs involving the pelvic limbs, no apparent signs of pain and, often, incontinence. In addition to meningeal fibrosis and focal spinal cord destruction, histopathology has confirmed lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in the central nervous system (CNS) in a considerable number of pugs with PDM. Lymphohistiocytic CNS inflammation also characterises necrotising meningoencephalitis (NME) in pugs. This study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of an immunological aetiology to the development of PDM.
The concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in serum and CSF and of anti-GFAP autoantibodies in CSF were measured with an ELISA. In addition, a commercial test was used for genetic characterisation of the dog leukocyte antigen class II haplotype, which is associated with NME susceptibility.
This study included 87 dogs: 52 PDM pugs, 14 control pugs, four NME pugs and 17 dogs of breeds other than pugs that were investigated for neurological disease (neuro controls). Anti-GFAP autoantibodies were present in 15 of 19 (79%) of the PDM pugs tested versus six of 16 (38%) of the neuro controls tested (p = 0.018). All 18 PDM pugs evaluated had detectable CSF GFAP. Serum GFAP was detected in two of three (67%) of the NME pugs and in two of 11 (18%) of the control pugs but not in any of the 40 tested PDM pugs. Male pugs heterozygous for the NME risk haplotype had an earlier onset of clinical signs (70 months) compared to male pugs without the risk haplotype (78 months) (p = 0.036).
The study was limited by the lack of healthy dogs of breeds other than pugs and the small numbers of control pugs and pugs with NME.
The high proportion of PDM pugs with anti-GFAP autoantibodies and high CSF GFAP concentrations provide support for a potential immunological contribution to the development of PDM.
哈巴狗常出现胸腰椎脊髓病，也称为哈巴狗脊髓病（PDM），其临床特征为进行性骨盆肢体症状，无明显疼痛迹象，且经常出现大小便失禁。除脑膜纤维化和局灶性脊髓破坏外，组织病理学已在相当数量的 PDM 哈巴狗的中枢神经系统（CNS）中证实了淋巴组织细胞浸润。淋巴组织细胞性中枢神经系统炎症也表现为哈巴狗的坏死性脑膜脑炎（NME）。本研究旨在探讨免疫病因学对 PDM 发展的潜在贡献。
通过 ELISA 测量血清和 CSF 中的胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）浓度以及 CSF 中的抗 GFAP 自身抗体浓度。此外，还使用商业测试对与 NME 易感性相关的犬白细胞抗原 II 单倍型进行基因特征分析。
本研究共纳入 87 只狗：52 只 PDM 哈巴狗、14 只对照哈巴狗、4 只 NME 哈巴狗和 17 只为神经疾病（神经对照）检查的非哈巴狗品种狗。在接受检测的 19 只 PDM 哈巴狗中有 15 只（79%）存在抗 GFAP 自身抗体，而在接受检测的 16 只神经对照中只有 6 只（38%）存在抗 GFAP 自身抗体（p = 0.018）。所有 18 只接受评估的 PDM 哈巴狗的 CSF GFAP 均可检测到。在 3 只 NME 哈巴狗中有 2 只（67%）和在 11 只对照哈巴狗中有 2 只（18%）检测到血清 GFAP，但在 40 只接受检测的 PDM 哈巴狗中均未检测到。携带 NME 风险单倍型的雄性哈巴狗的临床症状发作时间（70 个月）早于不携带风险单倍型的雄性哈巴狗（78 个月）（p = 0.036）。
本研究的局限性在于缺乏非哈巴狗品种的健康狗和对照哈巴狗以及 NME 哈巴狗的数量较少。
大量 PDM 哈巴狗存在抗 GFAP 自身抗体和高 CSF GFAP 浓度，这为 PDM 的发展可能存在免疫因素提供了支持。
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