Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Suite 680 Dulles, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Suite 680 Dulles, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Anesthesiol Clin. 2024 Jun;42(2):303-315. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2023.11.011.
Local anesthetics have played a vital role in the multimodal analgesia approach to patient care by decreasing the use of perioperative opioids, enhancing patient satisfaction, decreasing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, decreasing the length of hospital stay, and reducing the risk of chronic postsurgical pain. The opioid-reduced anesthetic management for perioperative analgesia has been largely successful with the use of local anesthetics during procedures such as peripheral nerve blocks and neuraxial analgesia. It is important that practitioners who use local anesthetics are aware of the risk factors, presentation, and management of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST).
局部麻醉药在多模式镇痛方法中对患者护理起到了至关重要的作用，其减少了围手术期阿片类药物的使用，提高了患者满意度，降低了术后恶心和呕吐的发生率，缩短了住院时间，并降低了慢性术后疼痛的风险。在诸如外周神经阻滞和脊神经镇痛等操作中使用局部麻醉药，使围手术期镇痛的阿片类药物减少的麻醉管理取得了巨大的成功。使用局部麻醉药的从业者了解局部麻醉药全身毒性（LAST）的风险因素、表现和管理非常重要。
