Igelle E I, Phil-Eze P O, Akim O O, Kanu H I, Ekowk I C, Atsa J W, Ojugbo P A, Okputu J S, Abdelrahman Kamal, Ekwok S E, Andráš P, Eldosouky Ahmed M
Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Postal Code, 410002, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 26;10(9):e30097. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30097. eCollection 2024 May 15.
This study rigorously investigated the spatial analysis of leachate penetration at Lemna dumpsite, located in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Purposeful soil sampling, performed at specific intervals (5 m, 25 m, and 50 m) along the Electrical Resistivity profile line within the dumpsite, was augmented by water sample collection from five boreholes near Lemna dumpsite. Utilizing Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) survey techniques, resistivity data were systematically gathered to comprehensively analyze the Leachate Penetration in the Lemna dumpsite. Laboratory analysis of soil and borehole water quality focused on Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX), with paired sample t-tests applied for statistical scrutiny. Analyzing the ERT and VES data employed sophisticated techniques embedded in Resistivity Two Dimension Invasion software and Advanced Geosciences Incorporation Earth Imager software. Substantial disparities (p < 0.05) emerged in the paired sample t-tests for BTEX in soil compared to National Environmental Standard Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) limits. Similarly, BTEX in borehole water displayed significant differences (p < 0.05) when compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, raising alarming concerns about the safety and portability of groundwater in the area. The examination of dumpsite leachate penetration revealed a resistivity anomaly of 8.01 Ωm and an inverse depth of 12.4 m, underscoring profound environmental implications and necessitating immediate remediation efforts. Additionally, Vulnerability and Aquifer Protective Capacity Index (VES) results, with a rating of <0.1, indicated severely compromised aquifer protective capacity, emphasizing the vulnerability of groundwater resources to further contamination. Our study advocates for strategic management, remediation, and monitoring measures to prevent contamination and safeguard water quality in the region.
本研究对位于尼日利亚克罗斯河州卡拉巴尔的莱姆纳垃圾场渗滤液渗透的空间分析进行了严格调查。在垃圾场内沿电阻率剖面线按特定间隔（5米、25米和50米）进行的有目的土壤采样，通过从莱姆纳垃圾场附近五个钻孔采集水样得到补充。利用电阻率层析成像（ERT）和垂向电测深（VES）测量技术，系统收集电阻率数据以全面分析莱姆纳垃圾场的渗滤液渗透情况。土壤和钻孔水质的实验室分析聚焦于苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX），并应用配对样本t检验进行统计审查。分析ERT和VES数据采用了Resistivity Two Dimension Invasion软件和Advanced Geosciences Incorporation Earth Imager软件中嵌入的复杂技术。与国家环境标准法规与执行局（NESREA）的限值相比，土壤中BTEX的配对样本t检验出现了显著差异（p < 0.05）。同样，与世界卫生组织（WHO）标准相比，钻孔水中的BTEX也显示出显著差异（p < 0.05），这引发了对该地区地下水安全性和可饮用性的严重担忧。对垃圾场渗滤液渗透的检查发现电阻率异常为8.01Ωm，反演深度为12.4米，突出了深刻的环境影响并需要立即进行修复工作。此外，脆弱性和含水层保护能力指数（VES）结果评级<0.1，表明含水层保护能力严重受损，强调了地下水资源易受进一步污染的脆弱性。我们的研究倡导采取战略管理、修复和监测措施，以防止污染并保障该地区的水质。
