Wang Wei, Bhushan Gitanjali L, Paz Stephanie, Stauft Charles B, Selvaraj Prabhu, Goguet Emilie, Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A, Subramanian Rahul, Vassell Russell, Lusvarghi Sabrina, Cong Yu, Agan Brian, Richard Stephanie A, Epsi Nusrat J, Fries Anthony, Fung Christian K, Conte Matthew A, Holbrook Michael R, Wang Tony T, Burgess Timothy H, Mitre Edward, Pollett Simon D, Katzelnick Leah C, Weiss Carol D
Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
bioRxiv. 2024 Apr 6:2024.04.05.588359. doi: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588359.
Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such sera are rare due to population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers and breadth of matched human and hamster pre-Omicron variant primary infection sera correlate well and generate similar antigenic maps. The hamster antigenic map shows modest antigenic drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 and BA.4/BA.5 variants within the XBB cluster, but with five to six-fold antigenic differences between these variants and XBB.1.5. Compared to sera following only ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccinations, or with post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster sera had the broadest neutralization against XBB sub-lineage variants, although a five-fold titer difference was still observed between JN.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings suggest that antibody coverage of antigenically divergent JN.1 could be improved with a matched vaccine antigen.
对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）变体的抗原评估为更新2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗的决策提供了依据。原发性感染血清常用于评估，但由于SARS-CoV-2感染和COVID-19疫苗接种产生的群体免疫，此类血清较为罕见。在此，我们表明，匹配的人类和仓鼠奥密克戎变异株出现之前的原发性感染血清的中和滴度和广度具有良好的相关性，并生成相似的抗原图谱。仓鼠抗原图谱显示，XBB亚谱系变体之间存在适度的抗原漂移，XBB簇内的JN.1和BA.4/BA.5变体，但这些变体与XBB.1.5之间存在五到六倍的抗原差异。与仅接种原始或二价COVID-19疫苗后或接种疫苗后感染的血清相比，XBB.1.5加强针血清对XBB亚谱系变体具有最广泛的中和作用，尽管在JN.1和XBB.1.5变体之间仍观察到五倍的滴度差异。这些发现表明，使用匹配的疫苗抗原可以提高对抗原性不同的JN.1的抗体覆盖率。
