Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
Genome. 2024 Sep 1;67(9):307-315. doi: 10.1139/gen-2023-0075. Epub 2024 May 9.
Avian genomes are characterized as being more compact than other amniotes, with less diversity and density of transposable elements (TEs). In addition, birds usually show bimodal karyotypes, exhibiting a great variation in diploid numbers. Some species present unusually large sex chromosomes, possibly due to the accumulation of repetitive sequences. Avian retrotransposon-like element (AviRTE) is a long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) recently discovered in the genomes of birds and nematodes, and it is still poorly characterized in terms of chromosomal mapping and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we mapped AviRTE isolated from the genome into the (TSU) karyotype. Furthermore, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of this LINE in birds and other vertebrates. Our results showed that the distribution pattern of AviRTE is not restricted to heterochromatic regions, with accumulation on the W chromosome of TSU, yet another species with an atypical sex chromosome and TE hybridization. The phylogenetic analysis of AviRTE sequences in birds agreed with the proposed phylogeny of species in most clades, and allowed the detection of this sequence in other species, expanding the distribution of the element.
鸟类基因组的特点是比其他羊膜动物更为紧凑，转座元件（TEs）的多样性和密度较低。此外，鸟类通常表现出双峰核型，其二倍体数量存在很大的差异。一些物种具有异常大的性染色体，这可能是由于重复序列的积累。鸟类逆转录转座子样元件（AviRTE）是最近在鸟类和线虫基因组中发现的一种长散布核元件（LINE），其在染色体定位和系统发育关系方面的特征仍知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们将从基因组中分离出的 AviRTE 映射到（TSU）染色体组型上。此外，我们分析了这种 LINE 在鸟类和其他脊椎动物中的系统发育关系。我们的结果表明，AviRTE 的分布模式不仅限于异染色质区域，在 TSU 的 W 染色体上也有积累，而 TSU 又是另一种具有非典型性染色体和 TE 杂交的物种。鸟类中 AviRTE 序列的系统发育分析与大多数进化枝中物种的提出的系统发育一致，并允许在其他物种中检测到该序列，从而扩展了该元件的分布。
