Tejedor-Alonso M A, Perez-Encinas M, Sanz Márquez S, Martinez Simon J J, Moreno-Nuñez L, Gonzalez-Moreno A, Macias-Iglesias J, Rosado-Ingelmo A
Allergy Unit, University Hospital Fundación Alcorcon, Alcorcón, Spain.
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Department Public Health and Medical Specialties, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2025 Feb 18;35(1):12-23. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.1004. Epub 2024 May 9.
Interest in finding efficient ways to remove penicillin allergy alerts has grown as a result of awareness of the considerable excess of falsenegative diagnoses in patients with penicillin allergy labels (90%-95%), the poorer course with non-ß-lactam antibiotics, the increase in bacterial resistance, and the fact that these problems can affect up to 20% of the population in some countries. The strategies proposed have generated many publications in countries where the number of allergists to conduct such studies is low. In many cases where delabeling is performed, the risk of ß-lactam allergy is low, and a single penicillin challenge is sufficient to delabel the alert. However, other less "ultrarapid" strategies can be used to administer a ß-lactam during an admission for infection and thus postpone delabeling until traditional drug allergy consultations. However, the definitive withdrawal of ß-lactam alerts is threatened by nonremoval of alerts in electronic health records and by the reactivation or nonsynchronization of alerts between electronic systems at different levels of care. Allergy departments need to reflect on how to implement practices that enable rapid and efficient delabeling of drug allergy alerts, especially in patients with major comorbidities.
由于认识到青霉素过敏标签患者中存在大量假阴性诊断(90%-95%)、使用非β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗效果较差、细菌耐药性增加,以及在某些国家这些问题可能影响高达20%的人口,人们对寻找有效方法去除青霉素过敏警示的兴趣日益浓厚。在开展此类研究的过敏症专科医生数量较少的国家,所提出的策略已催生了许多相关出版物。在许多进行标签去除的案例中,β-内酰胺过敏风险较低,单次青霉素激发试验就足以去除警示。然而,在因感染入院期间,也可采用其他不那么“超快速”的策略来使用β-内酰胺类药物,从而将标签去除推迟至传统药物过敏会诊时进行。然而,电子健康记录中警示未被去除,以及不同护理级别电子系统之间警示的重新激活或不同步,都对最终撤销β-内酰胺警示构成了威胁。过敏科需要思考如何实施相关做法,以便快速、有效地去除药物过敏警示,尤其是在患有严重合并症的患者中。