Matías Roberto, Matud M Pilar
Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Apr 30;12(9):924. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12090924.
Although several studies have found disparities in health outcomes between heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB)-identifying individuals, few studies have focused on subjective well-being and protective factors for health and well-being. The purpose of this work is twofold: (1) to examine the relevance of sexual orientation to health and well-being in women and men; (2) to identify protective and risk factors for psychological distress, self-rated health, and well-being for gay men, lesbian women, bisexual women and men, and heterosexual women and men. The sample consisted of 908 women and 586 men from the general Spanish population aged 16-64, half of whom identified themselves as LGB and half as heterosexual. All were assessed using eight questionnaires and inventories. The results showed that differences varied depending on the health indicator considered. In general, bisexuals had the poorest health, with lower self-rated health and lower self-esteem. In all groups, self-esteem was a protective factor against psychological distress and was associated with better health and well-being. To a lesser extent, social support served as a protective factor against psychological distress and was associated with greater well-being in all groups. It is concluded that although sexual orientation is relevant to the health and well-being of individuals, there are differences among sexual minorities, with bisexuals having lower self-esteem than homosexuals.
尽管多项研究发现异性恋者与认同女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋（LGB）的个体在健康结果上存在差异，但很少有研究关注主观幸福感以及健康和幸福的保护因素。这项工作的目的有两个：（1）研究性取向与男性和女性健康及幸福的相关性；（2）确定男同性恋者、女同性恋者、双性恋女性和男性以及异性恋女性和男性心理困扰、自评健康和幸福的保护因素及风险因素。样本包括来自西班牙普通人群的908名女性和586名男性，年龄在16至64岁之间，其中一半自认为是LGB，另一半是异性恋。所有人都使用八份问卷和量表进行了评估。结果表明，差异因所考虑的健康指标而异。总体而言，双性恋者的健康状况最差，自评健康和自尊水平较低。在所有群体中，自尊是抵御心理困扰的保护因素，且与更好的健康和幸福相关。在较小程度上，社会支持是抵御心理困扰的保护因素，且与所有群体中更高的幸福感相关。研究得出结论，尽管性取向与个体的健康和幸福相关，但性少数群体之间存在差异，双性恋者的自尊低于同性恋者。
