Ecol Evol Physiol. 2024 Mar-Apr;97(2):97-117. doi: 10.1086/730153. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
AbstractHow traits at multiple levels of biological organization evolve in a correlated fashion in response to directional selection is poorly understood, but two popular models are the very general "behavior evolves first" (BEF) hypothesis and the more specific "morphology-performance-behavior-fitness" (MPBF) paradigm. Both acknowledge that selection often acts relatively directly on behavior and that when behavior evolves, other traits will as well but most with some lag. However, this proposition is exceedingly difficult to test in nature. Therefore, we studied correlated responses in the high-runner (HR) mouse selection experiment, in which four replicate lines have been bred for voluntary wheel-running behavior and compared with four nonselected control (C) lines. We analyzed a wide range of traits measured at generations 20-24 (with a focus on new data from generation 22), coinciding with the point at which all HR lines were reaching selection limits (plateaus). Significance levels (226 values) were compared across trait types by ANOVA, and we used the positive false discovery rate to control for multiple comparisons. This meta-analysis showed that, surprisingly, the measures of performance (including maximal oxygen consumption during forced exercise) showed no evidence of having diverged between the HR and C lines, nor did any of the life history traits (e.g., litter size), whereas body mass had responded (decreased) at least as strongly as wheel running. Overall, results suggest that the HR lines of mice had evolved primarily by changes in motivation rather than performance ability at the time they were reaching selection limits. In addition, neither the BEF model nor the MPBF model of hierarchical evolution provides a particularly good fit to the HR mouse selection experiment.
摘要
在受到定向选择的影响时，多个层次的生物组织的特征如何以相关的方式进化，这一点理解得还很差，但有两个流行的模型是非常一般的“行为先进化”（BEF）假说和更具体的“形态-性能-行为-适应性”（MPBF）范式。这两个模型都承认，选择通常相对直接地作用于行为，而当行为进化时，其他特征也会进化，但大多数都会有一些滞后。然而，这个命题在自然界中极难测试。因此，我们研究了高跑者（HR）小鼠选择实验中的相关反应，该实验中，四个重复的系被繁殖用于自愿轮跑行为，并与四个未选择的对照（C）系进行了比较。我们分析了在第 20-24 代（重点是第 22 代的新数据）测量的广泛的特征，此时所有 HR 系都达到了选择限制（高原）。通过方差分析比较了不同性状类型的显著水平（226 个 值），并使用阳性错误发现率来控制多重比较。这项元分析令人惊讶地表明，表现（包括强制运动时的最大耗氧量）的测量值在 HR 系和 C 系之间没有表现出任何分歧，生命周期特征（例如，产仔数）也没有表现出任何分歧，而体重至少像轮跑一样强烈地做出了反应（减少）。总的来说，结果表明，在达到选择限制时，HR 系的老鼠主要通过动机的变化而不是性能能力的变化而进化。此外，无论是 BEF 模型还是层次进化的 MPBF 模型，都不能很好地适用于 HR 鼠标选择实验。
