Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2024 Jun;50:101242. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101242. Epub 2024 May 7.
Water temperature is a crucial environmental factor that significantly affects the physiological and biochemical processes of fish. Due to the occurrence of cold events in aquaculture, it is imperative to investigate how fish respond to cold stress. This study aims to uncover the mechanisms responds to acute cold stress by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the histomorphology, glycolipid metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, fatty acid composition and transcriptome at three temperatures (16 °C, 10 °C and 4 °C) in Phoxinus lagowskii. Our results showed that cold stress not damaged muscle microstructure but caused autophagy (at 10 °C). In addition, serum glucose (Glu) and triglycerides (TG) increased during cold stress. The activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), fructose phosphokinase (PFK), hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in muscle were measured and analyzed. During cold stress, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased, reactive oxygen species content decreased. No significant difference in Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, malondialdehyde and total cholesterol (T-CHO) contents among groups. Phosphokinase and pyruvate kinase activities decreased, and HK activity increased during cold stress. Our study resulted in the identification of a total of 25,400 genes, with 2524 genes showing differential expression across different temperature treatments. Furthermore, KEGG pathway indicated that some pathways upregulated during light cold stress (at 10 °C, including autophagy, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Additionally, circadian rhythm is among the most enriched pathways in genes up-regulated during severe cold stress (at 4 °C). Our findings offer valuable insights into how cold-water fish respond to cold stress.
水温是影响鱼类生理生化过程的关键环境因素。由于水产养殖中冷事件的发生，研究鱼类如何应对冷应激至关重要。本研究旨在通过在 Phoxinus lagowskii 中在三个温度（16°C、10°C 和 4°C）下进行组织形态学、糖脂代谢和抗氧化酶、脂肪酸组成和转录组的综合分析，揭示鱼类对急性冷应激的反应机制。我们的研究结果表明，冷应激不会破坏肌肉的微观结构，但会导致自噬（在 10°C 时）。此外，血清葡萄糖（Glu）和甘油三酯（TG）在冷应激期间增加。测量和分析肌肉中活性氧（ROS）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、果糖磷酸激酶（PFK）、己糖激酶（HK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。在冷应激期间，超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性增加，活性氧的含量减少。各组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性、丙二醛和总胆固醇（T-CHO）含量无显著差异。冷应激时磷酸激酶和丙酮酸激酶活性降低，HK 活性升高。我们的研究共鉴定出 25400 个基因，其中 2524 个基因在不同温度处理下表现出差异表达。此外，KEGG 途径表明，轻度冷应激（在 10°C 时）期间一些途径上调，包括自噬和 AMP 激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路。此外，在严重冷应激（在 4°C 时）期间上调的基因中，昼夜节律是最富集的途径之一。我们的研究结果为冷水鱼类如何应对冷应激提供了有价值的见解。
