Division of Plant Genetic Resources, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 10;14(1):10712. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61428-1.
Landraces are important genetic resources that have a significant role in maintaining the long-term sustainability of traditional agro-ecosystems, food, nutrition, and livelihood security. In an effort to document landraces in the on-farm conservation context, Central Western Ghat region in India was surveyed. A total of 671 landraces belonging to 60 crops were recorded from 24 sites. The custodian farmers were found to conserve a variety of crops including vegetables, cereals and pulses, perennial fruits, spices, tuber and plantation crops. The survey indicated a difference in the prevalence of landraces across the sites. A significant difference with respect to the Shannon-diversity index, Gini-Simpson index, evenness, species richness, and abundance was observed among the different survey sites. Computation of a prevalence index indicated the need for immediate intervention in the form of collecting and ex situ conservation of landraces of some crops as a back-up to on-farm conservation. The study also identified the critical determinants of on-farm conservation, including (i) suitability to regional conditions, (ii) relevance in regional cuisine and local medicinal practices, (iii) cultural and traditional significance, and (iv) economic advantage. The information documented in this study is expected to promote the collection and conservation of landraces ex situ. The National Genebank housed at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi conserves around 550 accessions of landraces collected from the Central Western Ghats region surveyed in this report. Information collected from custodian farmers on specific uses will be helpful to enhance the utilization of these accessions.
地方品种是重要的遗传资源，对维护传统农业生态系统、食物、营养和生计安全的长期可持续性具有重要作用。为了记录农场保存背景下的地方品种，对印度中-西高止地区进行了调查。从 24 个地点共记录了属于 60 种作物的 671 个地方品种。被发现的保存者保存了各种作物，包括蔬菜、谷物和豆类、多年生水果、香料、块茎和种植园作物。调查表明，不同地点的地方品种存在差异。不同调查地点的香农多样性指数、基尼-辛普森指数、均匀度、物种丰富度和丰度均存在显著差异。计算流行指数表明，需要立即采取干预措施，以收集和异地保护一些作物的地方品种，作为对农场保护的备份。该研究还确定了农场保护的关键决定因素，包括(i) 对区域条件的适宜性，(ii) 在区域美食和当地药用实践中的相关性，(iii) 文化和传统意义，以及 (iv) 经济优势。本研究记录的信息预计将促进地方品种的收集和异地保护。位于新德里的 ICAR-NBPGR 国家基因库保存了大约 550 份从本报告调查的中-西高止地区收集的地方品种。从保存者那里收集到的关于特定用途的信息将有助于提高对这些材料的利用。
