Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Berlin School of Integrative Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 23;25(9):4593. doi: 10.3390/ijms25094593.
Increased expression and nuclear translocation of β-CATENIN is frequently observed in breast cancer, and it correlates with poor prognosis. Current treatment strategies targeting β-CATENIN are not as efficient as desired. Therefore, detailed understanding of β-CATENIN regulation is crucial. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and Wingless/Integrated (WNT) pathway crosstalk is well-studied for many cancer types including colorectal cancer, whereas it is still poorly understood for breast cancer. Analysis of breast cancer patient data revealed that and were significantly downregulated in tumors. Since mutation frequency in genes enhancing β-CATENIN protein stability is relatively low in breast cancer, we aimed to investigate whether decreased BMP ligand expression could contribute to a high protein level of β-CATENIN in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that downstream of BMP stimulation, SMAD4 is required to reduce β-CATENIN protein stability through the phosphorylation in MCF7 and T47D cells. Consequently, BMP stimulation reduces β-CATENIN levels and prevents its nuclear translocation and target gene expression in MCF7 cells. Conversely, BMP stimulation has no effect on β-CATENIN phosphorylation or stability in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Likewise, SMAD4 modulation does not alter the response of those cells, indicating that SMAD4 alone is insufficient for BMP-induced β-CATENIN phosphorylation. While our data suggest that considering BMP activity may serve as a prognostic marker for understanding β-CATENIN accumulation risk, further investigation is needed to elucidate the differential responsiveness of breast cancer cell lines.
β-CATENIN 在乳腺癌中经常观察到表达增加和核易位,并且与预后不良相关。目前针对 β-CATENIN 的治疗策略并不如预期的那样有效。因此,详细了解 β-CATENIN 的调控机制至关重要。骨形态发生蛋白 (BMP) 和 Wingless/Integrated (WNT) 途径的串扰已在包括结直肠癌在内的许多癌症类型中得到很好的研究,而在乳腺癌中仍知之甚少。对乳腺癌患者数据的分析表明, 和 在肿瘤中显著下调。由于增强 β-CATENIN 蛋白稳定性的基因突变频率在乳腺癌中相对较低,我们旨在研究 BMP 配体表达的降低是否会导致乳腺癌细胞中 β-CATENIN 蛋白水平升高。我们证明,在 MCF7 和 T47D 细胞中,BMP 刺激后,SMAD4 通过磷酸化作用需要降低 β-CATENIN 蛋白稳定性。因此,BMP 刺激降低 MCF7 细胞中 β-CATENIN 水平并防止其核易位和靶基因表达。相反,BMP 刺激对 MDA-MB-231 和 MDA-MB-468 细胞中 β-CATENIN 的磷酸化或稳定性没有影响。同样,SMAD4 调节不会改变这些细胞的反应,表明 SMAD4 本身不足以引起 BMP 诱导的 β-CATENIN 磷酸化。虽然我们的数据表明,考虑 BMP 活性可能作为理解 β-CATENIN 积累风险的预后标志物,但需要进一步研究以阐明乳腺癌细胞系的差异反应性。
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