Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Apr 29;16(9):1349. doi: 10.3390/nu16091349.
Chronic diseases may affect the nutritional status of children and adolescents. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D (Vit-D) are crucial nutrients for their growth and development. Proper diagnosis and treatment are critical components of personalized and precision medicine. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional and comparative study to evaluate Ca, P, and Vit-D levels in their non-skeletal functions and their association with health and nutritional biomarkers in children and adolescents with diverse chronic conditions. We performed anthropometric, body composition, clinical evaluation, biochemical analysis, and dietary survey methods. A total of 78 patients (1-19 years, 43 females, 42 children) took part in this study. Overall, 24, 30, and 24 participants were obese, undernourished, and eutrophic, respectively. Results found that 74% and 35% of individuals had deficient Vit-D and Ca intake, respectively. Most cases were normocalcemic. Results also found that 47% of the subjects had Vit-D deficiency (VDD), 37% were insufficient, and 37% had hypophosphatemia. Of the 46% and 31% of patients with VDD and insufficient levels, 19% and 11% were hypophosphatemic, respectively. Calcium, P, and Vit-D levels were associated with anthropometric parameters, body mass index, body composition, physical activity, diet, growth hormones, and the immune, liver, and kidney systems. These results show the coincident risk of altered Ca, P, and Vit-D metabolism in children and adolescents with chronic diseases.
慢性病可能影响儿童和青少年的营养状况。钙（Ca）、磷（P）和维生素 D（Vit-D）是他们生长和发育的关键营养素。适当的诊断和治疗是个性化和精准医学的关键组成部分。因此，我们进行了一项横断面和对比研究，以评估患有各种慢性疾病的儿童和青少年非骨骼功能中的 Ca、P 和 Vit-D 水平及其与健康和营养生物标志物的关系。我们采用了人体测量学、身体成分、临床评估、生化分析和膳食调查方法。共有 78 名患者（1-19 岁，43 名女性，42 名儿童）参与了这项研究。总体而言，分别有 24、30 和 24 名参与者为肥胖、营养不良和营养良好。结果发现，分别有 74%和 35%的个体 Vit-D 和 Ca 摄入不足。大多数病例为血钙正常。结果还发现，47%的受试者存在 Vit-D 缺乏（VDD），37%为不足，37%存在低磷血症。在 VDD 和不足水平的 46%和 31%的患者中，分别有 19%和 11%存在低磷血症。Ca、P 和 Vit-D 水平与人体测量参数、体重指数、身体成分、身体活动、饮食、生长激素以及免疫、肝脏和肾脏系统有关。这些结果表明，患有慢性病的儿童和青少年存在 Ca、P 和 Vit-D 代谢改变的共同风险。
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