Metal-Organic Framework for Aluminum based Energy Storage Devices: Utilizing Redox Additives for Significant Performance Enhancement.

There are various methods being tried to address the sluggish kinetics observed in Al-ion batteries (AIBs). They mostly deal with morphology tuning, but have led to limited improvement. A new approach is proposed to overcome this limitation. It focuses on the use of a redox additive modified electrolyte in combination with framework like materials, which have wider channels. The ordered microporous and interconnected framework of ZIF 67, with large surface area, effectively facilitates the diffusion of aluminum ions. Therefore, AIBs are able to exhibit a superior discharge capacity of 288 mAh g at 0.2 A g current density with robust cycling stability. The addition of potassium ferricyanide as a redox-active species in an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride (supporting electrolyte) leads to significant enhancement in the specific capacity with much higher cycling stability. Al-ion based BatCap devices can be assembled by using ZIF 67 as the cathode, ZIF 67 derived porous carbon as the anode, and a redox additive modified electrolyte. The BatCap device exhibits excellent energy density of 86 Wh kg at a power density of 2 KW kg, which is higher than reported aqueous AIBs. The ex situ characterization clearly explains the unexplored mechanism of redox additives in AIBs.