Modern phenomics to empower holistic crop science, agronomy, and breeding research.

Crop phenomics enables the collection of diverse plant traits for a large number of samples along different time scales, representing a greater data collection throughput compared with traditional measurements. Most modern crop phenomics use different sensors to collect reflective, emitted, and fluorescence signals, etc., from plant organs at different spatial and temporal resolutions. Such multi-modal, high-dimensional data not only accelerates basic research on crop physiology, genetics, and whole plant systems modeling, but also supports the optimization of field agronomic practices, internal environments of plant factories, and ultimately crop breeding. Major challenges and opportunities facing the current crop phenomics research community include developing community consensus or standards for data collection, management, sharing, and processing, developing capabilities to measure physiological parameters, and enabling farmers and breeders to effectively use phenomics in the field to directly support agricultural production.