Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
Environ Res. 2024 Jul 15;253:119124. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119124. Epub 2024 May 10.
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most persistent compounds that get contaminated in the soil and water. Nearly 16 PAHs was considered to be a very toxic according US protection Agency. Though its concentration level is low in the environments but the effects due to it, is enormous. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) is an emergent methodology towards treating such pollutants with low and high molecular weight of complex substances. In this study, sulfate radical (SO‾•) based AOP is emphasized for purging PAH from different sources. This review essentially concentrated on the mechanism of SO for the remediation of pollutants from different sources and the effects caused due to these pollutants in the environment was reduced by this mechanism is revealed in this review. It also talks about the SO precursors like Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and Persulfate (PS) and their active participation in treating the different sources of toxic pollutants. Though PS and PMS is used for removing different contaminants, the degradation of PAH due to SO was presented particularly. The hydroxyl radical (OH) mechanism-based methods are also emphasized in this review along with their limitations. In addition to that, different activation methods of PS and PMS were discussed which highlighted the performance of transition metals in activation. Also this review opened up about the degradation efficiency of contaminants, which was mostly higher than 90% where transition metals were used for activation. Especially, on usage of nanoparticles even 100% of degradation could be able to achieve was clearly showed in this literature study. This study mainly proposed the treatment of PAH present in the soil and water using SO with different activation methodologies. Particularly, it emphasized about the importance of treating the PAH to overcome the risk associated with the environment and humans due to its contamination.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是在土壤和水中污染最持久的化合物。根据美国环保署的说法，近 16 种 PAHs 被认为是非常有毒的。尽管它在环境中的浓度水平较低，但由于它的影响是巨大的。高级氧化工艺（AOP）是一种新兴的方法，用于处理低分子量和高分子量的复杂物质的此类污染物。在这项研究中，基于硫酸根自由基（SO4‾•）的 AOP 被强调用于从不同来源中清除 PAH。本综述主要集中在 SO4‾•用于修复不同来源污染物的机制上，并揭示了这种机制可以减少这些污染物在环境中造成的影响。它还讨论了 SO4‾•的前体，如过一硫酸盐（PMS）和过硫酸盐（PS），以及它们在处理不同来源的有毒污染物中的积极参与。尽管 PS 和 PMS 用于去除不同的污染物，但由于 SO4‾•的存在，PAH 的降解情况尤其得到了介绍。本综述还强调了基于羟基自由基（OH）机制的方法及其局限性。除此之外，还讨论了 PS 和 PMS 的不同活化方法，强调了过渡金属在活化中的作用。此外，本综述还介绍了污染物的降解效率，其中使用过渡金属进行活化的降解效率通常高于 90%。特别是在使用纳米粒子时，甚至可以达到 100%的降解效率，这在文献研究中得到了清楚的展示。本研究主要提出了使用不同的活化方法用 SO4‾•处理土壤和水中存在的 PAH。特别是，它强调了处理 PAH 的重要性，以克服由于其污染而与环境和人类相关的风险。
