OJeong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Jul 1;352:124144. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124144. Epub 2024 May 10.
Infochemicals refer to chemicals responsible for information exchange between organisms. We evaluated the effects of Daphnia magna and Daphnia galeata infochemicals on Microcystis aeruginosa for 15d. The Daphnia infochemicals were obtained from spent medium after culturing Daphnia in Elendt M4 medium for 48 h. Both Daphnia infochemicals significantly increased (p < 0.05) the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and microcystin-LR concentration in M. aeruginosa. This cellular effect increased colony formation of M. aeruginosa, thereby inhibiting the growth of M. aeruginosa. D. galeata infochemicals provoked significantly greater (p < 0.05) adverse effects on M. aeruginosa than those of D. magna infochemicals, which were further exaggerated by pre-exposure of Daphnia to M. aeruginosa. This result seems to be related to the different compositions and concentrations of Daphnia infochemicals. Several Daphnia infochemicals, such as methyl ferulate, cyclohexanone, 3, 5-dimethyl, hexanedioic acid, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, showed a high correlation with M. aeruginosa cell concentration (|r | >0.6), suggesting that they may play a key role in controlling harmful cyanobacteria. Additionally, pre-exposure of D. magna and D. galeata to M. aeruginosa produced oleic acid, methyl ester, and n-hexadecanoic acid, with a highly correlation with M. aeruginosa cell concentration (|r | >0.6). p-tolyl acetate and linoleic acid were detected only in the pre-exposed D. galeata infochemicals. These findings suggest that some of Daphnia infochemicals identified in this study can be a promising tool to control M. aeruginosa growth. However, further studies are required to verify the specific actions of these infochemicals against cyanobacteria.
化感物质是指在生物之间进行信息交流的化学物质。我们评估了大型溞和双脐溞的化感物质对铜绿微囊藻的影响，实验持续了 15 天。这些溞的化感物质是从它们在 Elendt M4 培养基中培养 48 小时后的培养液中提取的。两种溞的化感物质都显著增加（p<0.05）了铜绿微囊藻细胞内的活性氧水平和微囊藻毒素-LR 的浓度。这种细胞效应增加了铜绿微囊藻的集落形成，从而抑制了铜绿微囊藻的生长。双脐溞的化感物质对铜绿微囊藻的不良影响明显大于大型溞的化感物质，而且这种影响在溞预先暴露于铜绿微囊藻时更为显著。这一结果似乎与溞的化感物质的不同组成和浓度有关。几种溞的化感物质，如甲基阿魏酸、环己酮、3,5-二甲基、己二酸和双（2-乙基己基）酯，与铜绿微囊藻细胞浓度呈高度相关（|r|>0.6），表明它们可能在控制有害蓝藻方面发挥关键作用。此外，大型溞和双脐溞预先暴露于铜绿微囊藻后，会产生油酸甲酯和正十六烷酸，与铜绿微囊藻细胞浓度高度相关（|r|>0.6）。仅在预先暴露于铜绿微囊藻的双脐溞的化感物质中检测到对甲苯基乙酸酯和亚油酸。这些发现表明，本研究中鉴定的一些溞的化感物质可能是控制铜绿微囊藻生长的有前途的工具。然而，需要进一步的研究来验证这些化感物质对蓝藻的具体作用。
