Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Department of Medical Oncology, Heilongjiang Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Cancer Sci. 2024 Aug;115(8):2506-2514. doi: 10.1111/cas.16208. Epub 2024 May 12.
Metaplastic breast cancer is a rare, aggressive, and chemotherapy-resistant subtype of breast cancers, accounting for less than 1% of invasive breast cancers, characterized by adenocarcinoma with spindle cells, squamous epithelium, and/or mesenchymal tissue differentiation. The majority of metaplastic breast cancers exhibit the characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer and have unfavorable prognoses with a lower survival rate. This subtype often displays gene alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and cell cycle dysregulation and demonstrates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune response changes, TP53 mutation, EGFR amplification, and so on. Currently, the optimal treatment of metaplastic breast cancer remains uncertain. This article provides a comprehensive review on the clinical features, molecular characteristics, invasion and metastasis patterns, and prognosis of metaplastic breast cancer, as well as recent advancements in treatment strategies.
化生性乳腺癌是一种罕见的、侵袭性的、对化疗耐药的乳腺癌亚型，占浸润性乳腺癌的比例不到 1%，其特征为具有梭形细胞、鳞状上皮和/或间叶组织分化的腺癌。大多数化生性乳腺癌表现出三阴性乳腺癌的特征，且预后不良，生存率较低。这种亚型常表现出 PI3K/AKT 通路、Wnt/β-catenin 通路和细胞周期失调的基因改变，并表现出上皮-间充质转化、免疫反应变化、TP53 突变、EGFR 扩增等。目前，化生性乳腺癌的最佳治疗方法仍不确定。本文全面综述了化生性乳腺癌的临床特征、分子特征、浸润和转移模式以及预后，并介绍了最近在治疗策略方面的进展。
