Tamto Mamdem Estelle Lionelle, Tsozué Désiré, Matakon Emmanuel, Apiniel Atourakail Michael Roi, Moudjie Noubissie Nérine Mabelle, Basga Simon Djakba, Nzeugang Nzeukou Aubin, Oyono Bitom Dieudonné Lucien
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2024 May 6;2024:6565723. doi: 10.1155/2024/6565723. eCollection 2024.
Soil degradation emerges as one of the major problems in the locality of Sir in the Mandara Mountains, Far-North Cameroon. Inappropriate agricultural techniques resulting in land use change affect soil functions and seriously harm forest ecosystems. This study was conducted to analyse the current character of soils and access their degradation and their level of fertility. Twenty soil samples were taken at 15 cm depth. This includes ten in the plot under forest reserve and ten others in the plot under cultivation. Cultivation is responsible for the increase in bulk density (BD) (1.59 to 2.23 g/cm), Mg (4.76 to 6.40 cmol·kg), Ca (10.44 to 11.26 cmol·kg), P (7.93 to 9.93 g/kg), and Mg/K (2.28 to 5.84) and decrease in CEC (38 0.15 to 31.46 cmol·kg), OM (2.76 to 1.08%), OC (1.66 to 0.62%), total nitrogen (0.08 to 0.05%), K (4.59 to 1.15 cmol·kg), Na (1.32 to 0.91 cmol·kg), C/N (25.69 to 13.86), and Ca/Mg (2.32 to 1.89). This variability in physicochemical properties reflects progressive soil degradation. Cultivated soils are subject to severe degradation or potential vulnerability (SDR/Vp = 4/2) due to texture, organic carbon, soil aggregate stability, sealing index, and total nitrogen. On the other hand, soils under forest reserve are subject to severe degradation or vulnerability due to the total nitrogen and sodium absorption ratio. The soils of the study area are subject to severe and extreme potential degradation or vulnerability due to BD, respectively, under forest reserve and cultivation. Two classes of fertility were identified: class II (plots under forest reserve) having a good level of fertility, characterized by good physical properties and severe limitations in nitrogen and phosphorus and class IV (cultivated plots) with a low level of fertility due to severe limitations in organic matter, phosphorus, and poor physical characteristics. The best indicator of the good quality of the luvisols of Sir is the pH, while the bulk density is an indicator of severe to very extreme degradation or high to very high vulnerability. The application of organic and mineral amendments is essential for raising the organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus contents in these soils.
土壤退化已成为喀麦隆极北地区曼达拉山脉锡尔地区的主要问题之一。导致土地利用变化的不当农业技术影响土壤功能，并严重损害森林生态系统。本研究旨在分析土壤的当前特征，评估其退化情况和肥力水平。在15厘米深度采集了20个土壤样本。其中包括在森林保护区地块采集的10个样本和在耕地地块采集的另外10个样本。耕种导致土壤容重（BD）增加（从1.59克/立方厘米增至2.23克/立方厘米）、镁含量（从4.76厘摩尔/千克增至6.40厘摩尔/千克）、钙含量（从10.44厘摩尔/千克增至11.26厘摩尔/千克）、磷含量（从7.93克/千克增至9.93克/千克）以及镁/钾比值（从2.28增至5.84），同时阳离子交换量（CEC）降低（从38.15厘摩尔/千克降至31.46厘摩尔/千克）、有机质（OM）含量降低（从2.76%降至1.08%）、有机碳（OC）含量降低（从1.66%降至0.62%）、总氮含量降低（从0.08%降至0.05%）、钾含量（从4.59厘摩尔/千克降至1.15厘摩尔/千克）、钠含量（从1.32厘摩尔/千克降至0.91厘摩尔/千克）、碳/氮比值（从25.69降至13.86）以及钙/镁比值（从2.32降至1.89）。这些物理化学性质的变化反映了土壤的逐渐退化。由于质地、有机碳、土壤团聚体稳定性、封闭指数和总氮等因素，耕地土壤面临严重退化或潜在脆弱性（SDR/Vp = 4/2）。另一方面，由于总氮和钠吸收比，森林保护区的土壤也面临严重退化或脆弱性。研究区域的土壤分别因森林保护区和耕地的土壤容重而面临严重和极端的潜在退化或脆弱性。确定了两类肥力等级：二级（森林保护区地块）肥力水平良好，其特点是物理性质良好，但氮和磷存在严重限制；四级（耕地地块）肥力水平较低，原因是有机质、磷严重受限且物理特性较差。锡尔地区淋溶土质量良好的最佳指标是pH值，而土壤容重则是严重至极严重退化或高至极高脆弱性的指标。施用有机和无机改良剂对于提高这些土壤中的有机质、氮和磷含量至关重要。
