Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Neuron. 2024 Aug 7;112(15):2464-2485. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.025. Epub 2024 May 13.
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic membraneless organelles that form in response to cellular stress. SGs are predominantly composed of RNA and RNA-binding proteins that assemble through liquid-liquid phase separation. Although the formation of SGs is considered a transient and protective response to cellular stress, their dysregulation or persistence may contribute to various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SG physiology and pathology. It covers the formation, composition, regulation, and functions of SGs, along with their crosstalk with other membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. Furthermore, this review discusses the dual roles of SGs as both friends and foes in neurodegenerative diseases and explores potential therapeutic approaches targeting SGs. The challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted. A more profound comprehension of the intricate relationship between SGs and neurodegenerative diseases could inspire the development of innovative therapeutic interventions against these devastating diseases.
应激颗粒（SGs）是一种动态的无膜细胞器，在细胞应激时形成。SGs 主要由 RNA 和 RNA 结合蛋白组成，通过液-液相分离组装。尽管 SGs 的形成被认为是对细胞应激的一种短暂而保护性的反应，但它们的失调或持续存在可能导致各种神经退行性疾病。本综述旨在全面概述 SG 的生理学和病理学。它涵盖了 SG 的形成、组成、调节和功能，以及它们与其他膜结合和无膜细胞器的相互作用。此外，本综述还讨论了 SG 在神经退行性疾病中作为朋友和敌人的双重作用，并探讨了针对 SG 的潜在治疗方法。该领域的挑战和未来展望也得到了强调。更深入地了解 SG 与神经退行性疾病之间复杂的关系，可以激发针对这些毁灭性疾病的创新治疗干预措施的发展。
