Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 66000, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 14;14(1):11042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61894-7.
Nickel (Ni) is a heavy metal that adversely affects the growth of different crops by inducing oxidative stress and nutrient imbalance. The role of rhizobacteria (RB) is vital to resolve this issue. They can promote root growth and facilitate the uptake of water and nutrients, resulting in better crop growth. On the other hand, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can maintain the osmotic balance and scavenge the reactive oxygen species under stress conditions. However, the combined effect of GABA and RB has not been thoroughly explored to alleviate Ni toxicity, especially in fenugreek plants. Therefore, in the current pot study, four treatments, i.e., control, A. fabrum (RB), 0.40 mM GABA, and 0.40 mM GABA + RB, were applied under 0Ni and 80 mg Ni/kg soil (80Ni) stress. Results showed that RB + 0.40 mM GABA caused significant improvements in shoot length (~ 13%), shoot fresh weight (~ 47%), shoot dry weight (~ 47%), root length (~ 13%), root fresh weight (~ 60%), and root dry weight (~ 15%) over control under 80 Ni toxicity. A significant enhancement in total chlorophyll (~ 14%), photosynthetic rate (~ 17%), stomatal CO concentration (~ 19%), leaves and roots N (~ 10 and ~ 37%), P (~ 18 and ~ 7%) and K (~ 11 and ~ 30%) concentrations, while a decrease in Ni (~ 83 and ~ 49%) concentration also confirmed the effectiveness of RB + 0.40 mM GABA than control under 80Ni. In conclusion, fabrum + 0.40 mM GABA can potentially alleviate the Ni toxicity in fenugreek plants. The implications of these findings extend to agricultural practices, environmental remediation efforts, nutritional security, and ecological impact. Further research is recommended to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, assess long-term effects, and determine the practical feasibility of using A. fabrum + 0.40GABA to improve growth in different crops under Ni toxicity.
镍（Ni）是一种重金属，它通过诱导氧化应激和营养失衡，对不同作物的生长产生不利影响。根际细菌（RB）的作用至关重要，可以解决这个问题。它们可以促进根系生长，促进水和养分的吸收，从而使作物生长得更好。另一方面，γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）可以在胁迫条件下维持渗透平衡和清除活性氧。然而，GABA 和 RB 的联合作用尚未被充分探索，以减轻 Ni 毒性，特别是在葫芦巴植物中。因此，在当前的盆栽研究中，在 0Ni 和 80mg Ni/kg 土壤（80Ni）胁迫下，应用了四种处理，即对照、A. fabrum（RB）、0.40mM GABA 和 0.40mM GABA+RB。结果表明，在 80Ni 毒性下，RB+0.40mM GABA 使茎长（13%）、茎鲜重（47%）、茎干重（47%）、根长（13%）、根鲜重（60%）和根干重（15%）显著高于对照。总叶绿素（14%）、光合速率（17%）、气孔 CO 浓度（19%）、叶片和根中的 N（10 和37%）、P（18 和7%）和 K（11 和30%）浓度显著提高，而 Ni 浓度显著降低（83%和~49%），这也证实了 RB+0.40mM GABA 比对照在 80Ni 下更有效。总之，fabrum+0.40mM GABA 可能潜在地减轻葫芦巴植物中的 Ni 毒性。这些发现的意义扩展到农业实践、环境修复努力、营养安全和生态影响。建议进行进一步的研究，以阐明潜在的机制，评估长期影响，并确定在 Ni 毒性下使用 fabrum+0.40GABA 来改善不同作物生长的实际可行性。
