Rantissi Tony, Gitis Vitaly, Zong Zhiyuan, Hankins Nick
Faculty of Engineering Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev PO Box 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel.
Laboratory of Sustainable Water Engineering Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX3 1PJ UK.
Glob Chall. 2024 Mar 12;8(5):2300304. doi: 10.1002/gch2.202300304. eCollection 2024 May.
The acute water and electricity shortages in Gaza necessitate comprehensive solutions that recognize the interconnected nature of these vital resources. This article presents pragmatic solutions to align supply with fundamental needs in both domains, offering viable pathways for achieving strategic water-energy security in Gaza. Baseline data reveals a deficit in the current water supply, falling below the international minimum of 100 L per capita per day, while the reported 137-189 MW per day electricity supply significantly lags behind the estimated 390 MW per day peak demand. To meet projected 2024 residential, commercial, and industrial demands, this study proposes actionable measures including expanding wastewater treatment to enable over 150 MCM per year tertiary effluents for agricultural reuse and adopting energy-efficient forward osmosis-reverse osmosis and osmotically assisted reverse osmosis desalination methods to increase potable water supply to 150 MCM per year. Electricity supply strategies include scaling renewable capacity towards 110 MW per day, exploring regional cooperation to unlock over 360 MW of power per day, and potentially recovering up to 60 MW per day through system efficiencies. These recommendations aim to prevent exacerbated scarcity and alleviate hardships in Gaza.
加沙地带严重的水电短缺问题需要全面的解决方案，这些方案要认识到这些重要资源之间的相互联系。本文提出了切实可行的解决方案，以使水电供应与这两个领域的基本需求相匹配，为实现加沙地带战略水-能源安全提供可行途径。基线数据显示，目前的供水存在缺口，低于国际人均每日100升的最低标准，而报告的每日137 - 189兆瓦的电力供应远远落后于估计的每日390兆瓦的峰值需求。为满足2024年预计的住宅、商业和工业需求，本研究提出了可采取的措施，包括扩大污水处理，以使每年有超过1.5亿立方米的三级处理废水用于农业回用，并采用节能的正向渗透-反渗透和渗透辅助反渗透海水淡化方法，将饮用水供应量提高到每年1.5亿立方米。电力供应策略包括将可再生能源发电量提高到每日110兆瓦，探索区域合作以释放每日超过360兆瓦的电力，并通过提高系统效率每天可能回收高达60兆瓦的电力。这些建议旨在防止加沙地带的稀缺状况加剧，并缓解当地的困境。
