Hillman S K, Delforge G
Clin Sports Med. 1985 Jul;4(3):431-8.
The competitive athlete's motivation to return to activity following injury presents a challenge to the sports medicine specialist to utilize the most effective rehabilitation procedures available. Safe return to competition necessitates maximal restoration of those components of physical fitness affected by injury (such as muscular strength, power, endurance). Various forms of superficial heat and cold application, deep heat modalities, and electrical currents have been used to supplement therapeutic exercise in this process. In recent years, the therapeutic benefits of cold for the control of exercise-induced edema and as a prelude to performance of prescribed exercise have been widely recognized. Although short wave and microwave diathermy appear to have lost much of their appeal as deep tissue heating modalities, the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound continue to make it a widely used modality in sports medicine. Adaptation of alternating electrical currents for use in transcutaneous nerve stimulation has given the sports medicine clinician a useful modality for pain management. The more recently developed "Russian" electrical stimulator provides a promising modality for muscle re-education and restoration of muscular strength.
竞技运动员受伤后恢复运动的动机，给运动医学专家带来了挑战，要求他们运用现有的最有效的康复程序。安全重返比赛需要最大程度地恢复受损伤影响的身体素质组成部分（如肌肉力量、爆发力、耐力）。在此过程中，各种形式的浅表热疗和冷疗、深部热疗方式以及电流已被用于辅助治疗性锻炼。近年来，冷疗在控制运动引起的水肿以及作为进行规定锻炼的前奏方面的治疗益处已得到广泛认可。尽管短波和微波透热疗法作为深部组织加热方式似乎已失去了很多吸引力，但超声波的热效应和机械效应使其仍然是运动医学中广泛使用的一种方式。将交流电改编用于经皮神经刺激，为运动医学临床医生提供了一种有用的疼痛管理方式。最近开发的“俄罗斯”电刺激器为肌肉再教育和肌肉力量恢复提供了一种有前景的方式。
