Meneghetti Manuel, Mancini Luca, Caligiore Gaetano, Zampa Francesco
Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche (R.I.S.), Parma, Italy.
Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche (R.I.S.), Parma, Italy.
Forensic Sci Int. 2024 Jul;360:112051. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112051. Epub 2024 May 9.
One of the recurring issues in forensic document analysis is determining the chronological order of line-crossing sequences. This seemingly simple but tricky task allows forensic laboratories to demonstrate the real order of events. The aim of this work is to analyse black ink/toner intersections using the digital microscope Hirox RH-2000. Five types of pens (ballpoint, gel, rollerball, fountain and fineliner) as well as five different laser printers were used to create the samples. Forensic examiners were tasked with assessing toner fractures, the bronzing effect, and gaps. The findings were analysed to determine the importance of each characteristic for each type of pen. Results indicate that observing the bronzing effect at high magnification (700x) is crucial for establishing the sequence order of application. In this regard, the fineliner pen is considered the most challenging type of pen to analyse in a black ink/toner intersection. The method was validated through a blind test. Based on this, a flow chart has been developed to assist the Forensic Document Examiners (FDEs) in their evaluations. The flow chart emphasises the significance of combining multiple observations and enables a more objective analysis for trained FDEs.
法医文件分析中反复出现的问题之一是确定线条交叉顺序的时间顺序。这项看似简单却棘手的任务能让法医实验室证明事件的真实顺序。这项工作的目的是使用Hirox RH - 2000数码显微镜分析黑色墨水/碳粉交叉点。使用了五种类型的笔（圆珠笔、凝胶笔、滚珠笔、钢笔和针管笔）以及五种不同的激光打印机来制作样本。法医检验人员的任务是评估碳粉断裂、烫金效果和间隙。对结果进行分析以确定每种特征对每种笔的重要性。结果表明，在高倍放大（700倍）下观察烫金效果对于确定涂抹顺序至关重要。在这方面，针管笔被认为是在黑色墨水/碳粉交叉点分析中最具挑战性的笔型。该方法通过盲测进行了验证。基于此，制定了一个流程图来协助法医文件检验人员（FDEs）进行评估。该流程图强调了综合多种观察结果的重要性，并使训练有素的FDEs能够进行更客观的分析。
