Madlon-Kay D J
J Fam Pract. 1985 Aug;21(2):109-13.
One hundred twenty-one patients were identified who presented to an emergency room with the complaint of dizziness. Peripheral vestibular disease (24 percent of patients) was the most common cause of dizziness, but the cause remained unknown at follow-up after six months in 37 percent of the patients. The history and physical examination were sufficient for diagnosis in 83 percent of patients in whom a diagnosis could be made. Diagnostic tests, such as complete blood counts (four patients) and chest roentgenograms (four patients), provided crucial information in some cases. At the time of follow-up, 7 percent of patients had suffered either major morbidity or had died as a result of the cause of the index episode of dizziness. Patients with an initial diagnosis of anemia, stroke, or diabetes represented a high-risk (50 percent) group for a poor outcome. However, patients who were aged under 50 years or whose dizziness was due to peripheral vestibular disease, vasovagal or psychogenic cause, drugs, or infection formed a low-risk (2 percent) group.
共识别出121例因头晕症状前往急诊室就诊的患者。外周前庭疾病（占患者的24%）是头晕最常见的病因，但在6个月的随访后，仍有37%的患者病因不明。在83%能够做出诊断的患者中，病史和体格检查足以确诊。诊断性检查，如全血细胞计数（4例患者）和胸部X光片（4例患者），在某些情况下提供了关键信息。在随访时，7%的患者因首次头晕发作的病因出现了严重并发症或死亡。初步诊断为贫血、中风或糖尿病的患者预后不良的风险较高（50%）。然而，年龄在50岁以下或头晕是由外周前庭疾病、血管迷走性或精神性病因、药物或感染引起的患者，形成了一个低风险（2%）组。
