Department of English, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City.
Department of Creative Arts, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2024 Jun 6;67(6):1731-1751. doi: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00543. Epub 2024 May 16.
The present study examined whether participants respond to unperturbed parameters while experiencing specific perturbations in auditory feedback. For instance, we aim to determine if speakers adjust voice loudness when only pitch is artificially altered in auditory feedback. This phenomenon is referred to as the "accompanying effect" in the present study.
Thirty native Mandarin speakers were asked to sustain the vowel /ɛ/ for 3 s while their auditory feedback underwent single shifts in one of the three distinct ways: pitch shift (±100 cents; coded as PT), loudness shift (±6 dB; coded as LD), or first formant (F1) shift (±100 Hz; coded as FM). Participants were instructed to ignore the perturbations in their auditory feedback. Response types were categorized based on pitch, loudness, and F1 for each individual trial, such as Popp_Lopp_Fopp indicating opposing responses in all three domains.
The accompanying effect appeared 93% of the time. Bayesian Poisson regression models indicate that opposing responses in all three domains (Popp_Lopp_Fopp) were the most prevalent response type across the conditions (PT, LD, and FM). The more frequently used response types exhibited opposing responses and significantly larger response curves than the less frequently used response types. Following responses became more prevalent only when the perturbed stimuli were perceived as voices from someone else (external references), particularly in the FM condition. In terms of isotropy, loudness and F1 tended to change in the same direction rather than loudness and pitch.
The presence of the accompanying effect suggests that the motor systems responsible for regulating pitch, loudness, and formants are not entirely independent but rather interconnected to some degree.
本研究旨在探讨参与者在经历特定听觉反馈干扰时，是否会对未受干扰的参数做出反应。例如，我们旨在确定当仅对听觉反馈中的音高进行人为改变时，说话者是否会调整声音的响度。在本研究中，这种现象被称为“伴随效应”。
本研究要求 30 名母语为普通话的参与者持续发出 /ɛ/ 音 3 秒，同时他们的听觉反馈以三种不同方式中的一种经历单一的变化：音高变化（±100 音分；编码为 PT）、响度变化（±6 分贝；编码为 LD）或第一共振峰（F1）变化（±100 赫兹；编码为 FM）。参与者被要求忽略听觉反馈中的干扰。基于每个个体试验的音高、响度和 F1，将反应类型分为 Popp_Lopp_Fopp 等，这表示在所有三个领域均有相反的反应。
伴随效应出现的概率为 93%。贝叶斯泊松回归模型表明，在所有三个领域（Popp_Lopp_Fopp）均有相反反应的反应类型是最常见的反应类型，跨越了 PT、LD 和 FM 等条件。使用频率更高的反应类型表现出的相反反应和更大的反应曲线，比使用频率更低的反应类型更为明显。只有当被干扰的刺激被感知为来自他人的声音（外部参照）时，才会出现跟随反应，尤其是在 FM 条件下。就各向同性而言，响度和 F1 往往会朝着相同的方向变化，而不是音高和响度。
伴随效应的存在表明，负责调节音高、响度和共振峰的运动系统并非完全独立，而是在某种程度上相互关联。
