Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa, Yenagoa, Nigeria
Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa, Yenagoa, Nigeria.
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2024 May 15;8(1):e002433. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002433.
Background: Childhood poisoning, characterised by exposure to toxic substances, poses a global health concern with variations across regions. Despite the importance of having current information about childhood acute poisoning in our region, there is a noticeable gap in such research in our local context. Regularly reviewing the agents responsible for poisoning in our locale is essential for devising prevention strategies and treatment approaches. This study aimed to examine the patterns and outcomes of childhood poisoning at the Children's Emergency Department of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, analysing cases of childhood poisoning in the Children's Emergency Ward, presenting from January 2013 to December 2022. Sociodemographic data, types of poisoning agents, home interventions, clinical features and outcomes were extracted from medical records.
Of 9389 admissions, 81 (0.8%) cases were admitted for childhood poisoning, but only 69 cases were analysed (total n=69). Children aged under 5 years (52.2%) and who were males (59.4%) were mostly involved. Organophosphates (21.7%) and kerosene (20.3%) were common poisoning agents, often accidental (72.5%) and occurring at home (94.2%). Delayed hospital presentation (>2 hours) was common (68.1%). Vomiting (72.5%) and drooling saliva (56.5%) were prevalent symptoms. Hydration (60.9%) was the main hospital intervention, while antidotes were infrequently used (15.9%). Mortality was 8.7%, predominantly due to kerosene ingestion in young children.
Organophosphate and kerosene poisoning are the most common in this facility. Enforcement challenges persist, emphasising the importance of safe storage practices and improved poison control measures. Addressing resource constraints for antidote availability and increasing awareness are vital for effective management and prevention.
背景：儿童中毒是指暴露于有毒物质，这是一个全球性的健康问题，不同地区存在差异。尽管了解我们所在地区儿童急性中毒的最新信息非常重要，但在我们当地的背景下，此类研究明显存在差距。定期审查我们当地导致中毒的药物对于制定预防策略和治疗方法至关重要。本研究旨在检查尼日利亚巴耶尔萨州耶纳戈阿联邦医疗中心儿科急诊部儿童中毒的模式和结果。
这是一项回顾性的横断面研究，分析了 2013 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间在儿科急诊病房因儿童中毒而入院的病例。从病历中提取社会人口统计学数据、中毒药物类型、家庭干预措施、临床特征和结局。
在 9389 例住院患者中，有 81 例（0.8%）因儿童中毒而住院，但仅对 69 例进行了分析（总例数为 69 例）。年龄在 5 岁以下的儿童（52.2%）和男性（59.4%）居多。有机磷农药（21.7%）和煤油（20.3%）是常见的中毒药物，往往是意外中毒（72.5%）且发生在家庭中（94.2%）。延迟到医院就诊（>2 小时）很常见（68.1%）。呕吐（72.5%）和流口水（56.5%）是常见的症状。补液（60.9%）是主要的医院干预措施，而解毒剂的使用很少（15.9%）。死亡率为 8.7%，主要是由于年幼儿童摄入煤油所致。
本机构最常见的中毒药物是有机磷农药和煤油。执行方面的挑战仍然存在，这强调了安全储存实践和改进中毒控制措施的重要性。解决解毒剂供应方面的资源限制问题和提高认识对于有效管理和预防至关重要。
