Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May;31(25):36551-36576. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33225-w. Epub 2024 May 17.
Among the many heavy metal pollution treatment agents, carbonate materials show strong flexibility and versatility by virtue of their high adsorption capacity for heavy metals and the characteristics of multiple and simple modification methods. It shows good potential for development. This review summarizes the application of carbonate materials in the treatment of heavy metal pollution according to the research of other scholars. It mainly relates to the application of surface-modified, activated, and nano-sized carbonate materials in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in water. Natural carbonate minerals and composite carbonate minerals solidify and stabilize heavy metals in soil. Solidification of heavy metals in hazardous waste solids is by MICP. There are four aspects of calcium carbonate oligomers curing heavy metals in fly ash from waste incineration. The mechanism of treating heavy metals by carbonate in different media was discussed. However, in the complex environment where multiple types of pollutants coexist, questions on how to maintain the efficient processing capacity of carbonate materials and how to use MICP to integrate heavy metal fixation and seepage prevention in solid waste base under complex and changeable natural environment deserve our further consideration. In addition, the use of carbonate materials for the purification of trace radioactive wastewater and the safe treatment of trace radioactive solid waste are also worthy of further exploration.
在众多重金属污染处理剂中，碳酸盐材料以其对重金属的高吸附容量和多种简单的改性方法的特点，表现出很强的灵活性和通用性。它显示出良好的发展潜力。本综述根据其他学者的研究，总结了碳酸盐材料在重金属污染处理中的应用。主要涉及表面改性、活化和纳米级碳酸盐材料在水中重金属污染处理中的应用、天然碳酸盐矿物和复合碳酸盐矿物在土壤中固定和稳定重金属、危险废物固体中重金属的 MICP 固化、碳酸钙低聚物在焚烧废物粉煤灰中固化重金属的四个方面。讨论了不同介质中碳酸盐处理重金属的机制。然而，在多种污染物共存的复杂环境中，如何保持碳酸盐材料的高效处理能力，以及如何利用 MICP 在复杂多变的自然环境下整合固体废物中重金属的固定和渗流防治，是值得我们进一步考虑的问题。此外，碳酸盐材料在痕量放射性废水的净化和痕量放射性固体废物的安全处理方面也值得进一步探索。
