McGlave Claire, Bruno John P, Watts Elizabeth, Nikpay Sayeh
Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
Department of Economics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
Health Aff Sch. 2023 Dec 9;2(1):qxad075. doi: 10.1093/haschl/qxad075. eCollection 2024 Jan.
The 340B program grants eligible health care providers ("covered entities") access to discounted prices for outpatient prescription drugs. Covered entities frequently rely on retail pharmacies ("contract pharmacies") to dispense discounted drugs. This analysis describes contract pharmacy participation by ownership: the top 4 chains, grocery chains, small chains, and institutional independent pharmacies. We found that 71% of pharmacies in the top 4 chains were contract pharmacies. Forty one percentage of institutional pharmacies, 38% of grocery store pharmacies, and 22% of independent pharmacies participated in 340B in 2022. The median number of contracts per pharmacy was 2 among the top 4 chains and grocery store pharmacies vs 1 for all other pharmacy types. The median farthest distance in miles from contracting covered entities was largest for the top 4 chains (19 miles) and small chains (18 miles) and smallest for independent and institutional pharmacies (10 miles). The top 4 chains held the highest proportion of contracts with core safety-net providers (75% vs 61% of institutional pharmacies).
340B计划允许符合条件的医疗保健提供者（“涵盖实体”）获得门诊处方药的折扣价格。涵盖实体经常依靠零售药店（“合同药店”）来配给折扣药品。本分析按所有权描述了合同药店的参与情况：四大连锁药店、杂货连锁药店、小型连锁药店和机构独立药店。我们发现，四大连锁药店中有71%的药店是合同药店。2022年，41%的机构药店、38%的杂货店药店和22%的独立药店参与了340B计划。四大连锁药店和杂货店药店中每家药店的合同中位数为2份，而其他所有药店类型为1份。与签约涵盖实体的英里数中位数距离最远的是四大连锁药店（19英里）和小型连锁药店（18英里），而独立药店和机构药店最小（10英里）。四大连锁药店与核心安全网提供者签订的合同比例最高（75%，而机构药店为61%）。
