Kang Piao, Wang Alan Zi-Xuan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Psychoradiology. 2024 Apr 19;4:kkae007. doi: 10.1093/psyrad/kkae007. eCollection 2024.
The brain controls the nerve system, allowing complex emotional and cognitive activities. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional neural, hormonal, and immune signaling pathway that could link the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. Over the past few decades, gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be an essential component of the gastrointestinal tract that plays a crucial role in regulating most functions of various body organs. The effects of the microbiota on the brain occur through the production of neurotransmitters, hormones, and metabolites, regulation of host-produced metabolites, or through the synthesis of metabolites by the microbiota themselves. This affects the host's behavior, mood, attention state, and the brain's food reward system. Meanwhile, there is an intimate association between the gut microbiota and exercise. Exercise can change gut microbiota numerically and qualitatively, which may be partially responsible for the widespread benefits of regular physical activity on human health. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive method to show areas of brain activity enabling the delineation of specific brain regions involved in neurocognitive disorders. Through combining exercise tasks and fMRI techniques, researchers can observe the effects of exercise on higher brain functions. However, exercise's effects on brain health via gut microbiota have been little studied. This article reviews and highlights the connections between these three interactions, which will help us to further understand the positive effects of exercise on brain health and provide new strategies and approaches for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases.
大脑控制神经系统，使复杂的情感和认知活动得以进行。微生物群-肠道-大脑轴是一条双向的神经、激素和免疫信号通路，可将胃肠道与大脑连接起来。在过去几十年里，肠道微生物群已被证明是胃肠道的一个重要组成部分，在调节身体各个器官的大多数功能中起着关键作用。微生物群对大脑的影响通过神经递质、激素和代谢物的产生、宿主产生的代谢物的调节或微生物群自身代谢物的合成来实现。这会影响宿主的行为、情绪、注意力状态以及大脑的食物奖励系统。同时，肠道微生物群与运动之间存在密切关联。运动可以在数量和质量上改变肠道微生物群，这可能部分解释了定期体育活动对人类健康的广泛益处。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）是一种显示大脑活动区域的非侵入性方法，能够描绘出参与神经认知障碍的特定脑区。通过结合运动任务和fMRI技术，研究人员可以观察运动对高级脑功能的影响。然而，运动通过肠道微生物群对大脑健康的影响鲜有研究。本文回顾并强调了这三种相互作用之间的联系，这将有助于我们进一步理解运动对大脑健康的积极影响，并为脑部疾病的预防和治疗提供新的策略和方法。
