School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., DC, USA.
Ann Surg Oncol. 2024 Jul;31(7):4795-4808. doi: 10.1245/s10434-024-15453-z. Epub 2024 May 17.
The role of noncoding RNA has made remarkable progress in understanding progression, metastasis, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A better understanding of the miRNAs has enhanced our knowledge of their targeting mainly at the therapy level in solid tumors, such as prostate cancer (PCa). microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous RNA that deficit encoded proteins. Therefore, the role of miRNAs has been well-coined in the progression and development of PCa. miR-21 has a dual nature in its work both as a tumor suppressor and oncogenic role, but most of the recent studies showed that miR-21 is a tumor promoter and also is involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of miR-21 suppresses programmed cell death and inducing metastasis and castration resistant in PCa. miR-21 is involved in the different stages, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion, and plays an important role in the progression, metastasis, and advanced stages of PCa. Recently, various studies directly linked the role of high levels of miR-21 with a poor therapeutic response in the patient of PCa. In the present review, we have explained the molecular mechanisms/pathways of miR-21 in PCa progression, metastasis, and castration resistant and summarized the role of miR-21 in diagnosis and therapeutic levels in PCa. In addition, we have spotlighted the recent therapeutic strategies for targeting different stages of PCa.
非编码 RNA 在理解进展、转移和转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌 (mCRPC) 方面取得了显著进展。对 miRNA 的更好理解增强了我们对其在实体瘤（如前列腺癌）治疗水平上靶向作用的认识。微小 RNA (miRNA) 属于一类内源性 RNA，其缺乏编码蛋白的能力。因此，miRNA 在前列腺癌 (PCa) 的进展和发展中发挥了重要作用。miR-21 在其作为肿瘤抑制因子和致癌作用的双重性质中发挥作用，但最近的大多数研究表明，miR-21 是一种肿瘤促进因子，也参与了去势抵抗性前列腺癌 (CRPC)。miR-21 的上调抑制程序性细胞死亡，并诱导 PCa 的转移和去势抵抗。miR-21 参与不同阶段，如增殖、血管生成、迁移和侵袭，并在 PCa 的进展、转移和晚期阶段发挥重要作用。最近，各种研究直接将高水平的 miR-21 与 PCa 患者治疗反应不佳联系起来。在本综述中，我们解释了 miR-21 在 PCa 进展、转移和去势抵抗中的分子机制/途径，并总结了 miR-21 在 PCa 诊断和治疗水平上的作用。此外，我们还重点介绍了针对 PCa 不同阶段的最近治疗策略。
