Diaphragm pacing in the treatment of ventilatory failure.

Thirty years of clinical and technical research have produced a reliable apparatus for diaphragm pacing. This entails electrical stimulation to the phrenic nerve by a remote radio-frequency transmitter. Prerequisites for diaphragm pacing are adequate alveolar gas exchange, an intact phrenic nerve and diaphragm muscle, and a co-operative patient for the prolonged period of rehabilitation. Diaphragm pacing has been used in cases of central alveolar hypoventilation and chronic obstructive airway disease, as well as for lesions of the cervical cord. To avoid fatigue and possible irreversible injury to the muscle, the right and left hemidiaphragms are paced alternately. We demonstrate the effectiveness of diaphragm pacing for long-term artificial respiration in a patient with transection of the cord at C3/4. The decisive benefit of diaphragm pacing for the quadriplegic patient is that it renders him free of dependence on a mechanical ventilator with its associated social and psychological impediments.