北美职业男子足球伤病与疾病的流行病学：新冠疫情封锁期与前几个赛季的比较
Epidemiology of Injury and Illness in North American Professional Men's Soccer: Comparing COVID-19 Lockdown With Previous Seasons.
作者信息
Hardin Stacey, Silverman Richard, Brophy Robert, Putukian Margot, Silvers-Granelli Holly
机构信息
Major League Soccer, Research, New York, New York.
Bay Football Club, National Women's Soccer League, San Francisco, California.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2025 Mar;17(2):412-418. doi: 10.1177/19417381241253227. Epub 2024 May 18.
BACKGROUND
After COVID-19 lockdown, studies across Europe and Asia examined its effect on professional soccer injury rates and severity; however, COVID-19 lockdown influence on injuries in United States men's professional soccer has not been evaluated.
HYPOTHESIS
Injury and illness rates during the 2020 season were higher than the previous 2 seasons.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective observational cohort study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
METHODS
Medical staff from participating Major League Soccer (MLS) clubs entered injuries and athletic exposures during the study period into a league-wide electronic medical record system. Injury rate and severity were analyzed to examine differentials between the 2020 COVID season and historical controls.
RESULTS
The injury incidence rate per 1000 hours in 2020 was 10.8, ie, higher than 2018 (5.4) and 2019 (5.0) ( < 0.05). Training injury incidence rate increased in 2020 (8.9) compared with 2018 (2.5) and 2019 (2.6) ( < 0.05), whereas match injury incidence decreased in 2020 (18.3) compared with 2018 (24.0) and 2019 (22.7) ( < 0.05). Incidence rates of lower extremity muscle injuries (6.04), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (0.17), and concussions (0.49) were also higher in 2020 compared with 2018 (2.5, 0.07, 0.27) and 2019 (2.36, 0.05, 0.22) ( < 0.05). More injured players in 2020 missed >90 days (17.7%) than in 2018 (10.2%) and 2019 (10.1%) ( < 0.05). Incidence of all non-COVID-19 illness was higher in 2020 (3.93) than 2018 (1.53) and 2019 (1.32) ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
During 2020, there were significant increases in incidence rates of overall injuries, training injuries, lower extremity muscular injuries, ACL injuries, concussions, and non-COVID illness, along with a higher percentage of players missing >90 days compared with the 2 previous seasons.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These results may help clarify the effects of future MLS inseason work stoppages and periods of restricted training.
背景
在新冠疫情封锁之后，欧洲和亚洲的研究调查了其对职业足球伤病率和严重程度的影响；然而，新冠疫情封锁对美国男子职业足球伤病情况的影响尚未得到评估。
假设
2020赛季的伤病和疾病发生率高于前两个赛季。
研究设计
回顾性观察队列研究。
证据等级
3级。
方法
参与美国职业足球大联盟（MLS）的各俱乐部医务人员将研究期间的伤病情况和运动暴露信息录入全联盟的电子病历系统。分析伤病率和严重程度，以检验2020年新冠疫情赛季与历史对照之间的差异。
结果
2020年每1000小时的伤病发生率为10.8，即高于2018年（5.4）和2019年（5.0）（P<0.05）。与2018年（2.5）和2019年（2.6）相比，2020年训练伤病发生率有所增加（8.9）（P<0.05），而与2018年（24.0）和2019年（22.7）相比，2020年比赛伤病发生率有所下降（18.3）（P<0.05）。与2018年（2.5、0.07、0.27）和2019年（2.36、0.05、0.22）相比，2020年下肢肌肉损伤（6.04）、前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤（0.17）和脑震荡（0.49）的发生率也更高（P<0.05）。2020年错过超过90天比赛的受伤球员比例（17.7%）高于2018年（10.2%）和2019年（10.1%）（P<0.05）。2020年所有非新冠疾病的发生率（3.93）高于2018年（1.53）和2019年（1.32）（P<0.05）。
结论
与前两个赛季相比，2020年总体伤病、训练伤病、下肢肌肉损伤、ACL损伤、脑震荡和非新冠疾病的发生率显著增加，错过超过90天比赛的球员比例也更高。
临床意义
这些结果可能有助于阐明未来美国职业足球大联盟赛季中停赛和训练受限时期的影响。
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