Mihata Leanne C S, Beutler Anthony I, Boden Barry P
Department of Family Medicine, Malcolm Grow Medical Center, 1075 West Perimeter Road, Andrews AFB, MD 20762, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):899-904. doi: 10.1177/0363546505285582. Epub 2006 Mar 27.
Female college basketball and soccer athletes have higher rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do their male counterparts. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injuries for women and men in collegiate lacrosse have not been examined. Understanding anterior cruciate ligament injury patterns in lacrosse, a full-contact sport for men and noncontact sport for women, could further injury prevention efforts.
Female anterior cruciate ligament injury rates will decrease over time owing to longer participation in sports. Lacrosse anterior cruciate ligament injury rates will be lower than rates in basketball and soccer possibly owing to beneficial biomechanics of carrying a lacrosse stick.
Cohort study (Prevalence); Level of evidence, 2.
Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System were analyzed to compare men's and women's anterior cruciate ligament injuries in basketball, lacrosse, and soccer over 15 years.
Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in women's basketball and soccer were 0.28 and 0.32 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures, respectively, and did not decline over the study period. In men's basketball, injury rate fluctuated between 0.03 and 0.13 athlete exposures. Rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury did not significantly change in men's soccer over the study period. The rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men's lacrosse (0.17 athlete exposures, P < .05) was significantly higher than in men's basketball (0.08 athlete exposures) and soccer (0.12 athlete exposures). Injury rate in women's lacrosse (0.18 athlete exposures, P < .05) was significantly lower than in women's basketball and soccer.
There was no discernable change in rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men or women during the study period. Men's lacrosse is a high-risk sport for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Unlike basketball and soccer, the rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury are essentially the same in men's and women's lacrosse. The level of allowed contact in pivoting sports may be a factor in determining sport-specific anterior cruciate ligament risk.
女子大学篮球和足球运动员前交叉韧带损伤的发生率高于男性同行。大学长曲棍球运动中男女前交叉韧带损伤的发生率尚未得到研究。了解长曲棍球（一项男子的全接触运动和女子的非接触运动）中的前交叉韧带损伤模式，有助于进一步开展预防损伤工作。
由于参与运动的时间更长，女性前交叉韧带损伤率将随时间下降。长曲棍球前交叉韧带损伤率可能低于篮球和足球，这可能归因于携带长曲棍球棒的有益生物力学。
队列研究（患病率）；证据等级，2级。
分析美国全国大学体育协会损伤监测系统的数据，以比较15年间篮球、长曲棍球和足球运动中男女前交叉韧带损伤情况。
女子篮球和足球的前交叉韧带损伤率分别为每1000次运动员暴露0.28例和0.32例，在研究期间未下降。男子篮球的损伤率在每1000次运动员暴露0.03例至0.13例之间波动。在研究期间，男子足球的前交叉韧带损伤率没有显著变化。男子长曲棍球的前交叉韧带损伤率（每1000次运动员暴露0.17例，P <.05）显著高于男子篮球（每1000次运动员暴露0.08例）和足球（每1000次运动员暴露0.12例）。女子长曲棍球的损伤率（每1000次运动员暴露0.18例，P <.05）显著低于女子篮球和足球。
在研究期间，男性和女性的前交叉韧带损伤率没有明显变化。男子长曲棍球是前交叉韧带损伤的高风险运动。与篮球和足球不同，男子和女子长曲棍球的前交叉韧带损伤率基本相同。旋转运动中允许的接触程度可能是决定特定运动前交叉韧带风险的一个因素。
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