Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
Agricultural Research Center, Cotton Leafworm Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
Arch Microbiol. 2024 May 19;206(6):268. doi: 10.1007/s00203-024-03975-9.
Actinomycetes, a diverse group of bacteria with filamentous growth characteristics, have long captivated researchers and biochemists for their prolific production of secondary metabolites. Among the myriad roles played by actinomycete secondary metabolites, their historical significance in the field of biocontrol stands out prominently. The fascinating journey begins with the discovery of antibiotics, where renowned compounds like streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin revolutionized medicine and agriculture. The history of biocontrol traces its roots back to the early twentieth century, when scientists recognized the potential of naturally occurring agents to combat pests and diseases. The emergence of synthetic pesticides in the mid-twentieth century temporarily overshadowed interest in biocontrol. However, with growing environmental concerns and the realization of the negative ecological impacts of chemical pesticides, the pendulum swung back towards exploring sustainable alternatives. Beyond their historical role as antibiotics, actinomycete-produced secondary metabolites encompass a rich repertoire with biopesticide potential. The classification of these compounds based on chemical structure and mode of action is highlighted, demonstrating their versatility against both plant pathogens and insect pests. Additionally, this review provides in-depth insights into how endophytic actinomycete strains play a pivotal role in biocontrol strategies. Case studies elucidate their effectiveness in inhibiting Spodoptera spp. and nematodes through the production of bioactive compounds. By unraveling the multifunctional roles of endophytic actinomycetes, this review contributes compelling narrative knowledge to the field of sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the potential of these microbial allies in crafting effective, environmentally friendly biocontrol strategies for combating agricultural pests.
放线菌是一类具有丝状生长特征的多样化细菌，其丰富的次生代谢产物生产能力长期以来一直吸引着研究人员和生物化学家的关注。在放线菌次生代谢产物的众多作用中，其在生物防治领域的历史意义尤为突出。这一迷人的旅程始于抗生素的发现，链霉素、四环素和红霉素等著名化合物彻底改变了医学和农业领域。生物防治的历史可以追溯到 20 世纪初，当时科学家们认识到天然存在的物质在防治病虫害方面的潜力。20 世纪中叶合成农药的出现暂时掩盖了人们对生物防治的兴趣。然而，随着环境问题的日益严重，以及人们意识到化学农药的负面生态影响，人们重新开始探索可持续的替代品。除了作为抗生素的历史作用外，放线菌产生的次生代谢产物还具有生物农药的潜力，包含着丰富的 repertoire。根据化学结构和作用方式对这些化合物进行分类，展示了它们对植物病原体和昆虫害虫的广泛适用性。此外，本综述深入探讨了内生放线菌菌株如何在生物防治策略中发挥关键作用。通过生产生物活性化合物来抑制斜纹夜蛾属和线虫的案例研究，阐明了它们的有效性。通过揭示内生放线菌的多功能作用，本综述为可持续农业领域提供了引人入胜的叙述性知识，强调了这些微生物盟友在制定防治农业害虫的有效、环保型生物防治策略方面的潜力。
