Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal; Multicenter Program in Postgraduate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - PMBqBM, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, Brazil.
Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Jul 15;473:134479. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134479. Epub 2024 May 3.
Once in the marine environment, fishing nets and cables undergo weathering, breaking down into micro and nano-size particles and leaching plastic additives, which negatively affect marine biota. This study aims to unravel the ecotoxicological impact of different concentrations of leachate obtained from abandoned or lost fishing nets and cables in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under long-term exposure (28 days). Biochemical biomarkers linked to antioxidant defense system, xenobiotic biotransformation, oxidative damage, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity were evaluated in different mussel tissues. The chemical nature of the fishing nets and cables and the chemical composition of the leachate were assessed and metals, plasticizers, UV stabilizers, flame retardants, antioxidants, dyes, flavoring agents, preservatives, intermediates and photo initiators were detected. The leachate severely affected the antioxidant and biotransformation systems in mussels' tissues. Following exposure to 1 mg·L of leachate, mussels' defense system was enhanced to prevent oxidative damage. In contrast, in mussels exposed to 10 and 100 mg·L of leachate, defenses failed to overcome pro-oxidant molecules, resulting in genotoxicity and oxidative damage. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Weight of Evidence (WOE) evaluation confirmed that mussels were significantly affected by the leachate being the hazard of the leachate concentrations of 10 mg·L ranked as major, while 1 and 100 mg·L was moderate. These results highlighted that the leachate from fishing nets and cables can be a threat to the heath of the mussel M. galloprovincialis.
一旦进入海洋环境，渔网和电缆会经受风化作用，分解成微纳米尺寸的颗粒并浸出塑料添加剂，从而对海洋生物产生负面影响。本研究旨在揭示不同浓度的废弃或丢失渔网和电缆浸出液对贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis 在长期暴露（28 天）下的生态毒性影响。评估了不同贻贝组织中与抗氧化防御系统、外源性生物转化、氧化损伤、遗传毒性和神经毒性相关的生化生物标志物。评估了渔网和电缆的化学性质以及浸出液的化学成分，并检测到了金属、增塑剂、紫外线稳定剂、阻燃剂、抗氧化剂、染料、调味剂、防腐剂、中间体和光引发剂。浸出液严重影响了贻贝组织中的抗氧化和生物转化系统。在暴露于 1 mg·L 的浸出液后，贻贝的防御系统增强，以防止氧化损伤。相比之下，在暴露于 10 和 100 mg·L 的浸出液的贻贝中，防御系统未能克服促氧化剂分子，导致遗传毒性和氧化损伤。主成分分析（PCA）和证据权重（WOE）评估证实，贻贝受到浸出液的显著影响，10 mg·L 浓度的浸出液被评为主要危害，而 1 和 100 mg·L 的浸出液为中等危害。这些结果表明，渔网和电缆的浸出液可能对贻贝 M. galloprovincialis 的健康构成威胁。
