Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, SCIEN - Large Animal Surgery Lab, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal/São Paulo, 14884-900 Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, SCIEN - Large Animal Surgery Lab, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal/São Paulo, 14884-900 Brazil.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2024 Jul;138:105100. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105100. Epub 2024 May 18.
Ultrasonographic imaging of the diaphragm is a non-invasive alternative for respiratory function evaluation in horses. This study aimed to measure diaphragm thickness, thickening (change in thickness with contraction) and thickening fraction in healthy adult horses during tidal breathing and forced vital capacity. Correlation between body weight (≤400 kg and >400 kg) and diaphragm thickness was investigated. To that purpose, 20 adult horses, weight 409±50 kg, height 1.47±0.05 m, and age 16±6 years were included in the study. Diaphragm thickness was measured at end-inspiration and end-expiration using B-mode and M-mode. The transducer was placed in the 10th, 11th and 12th intercostal spaces of both hemithoraces. Measurements obtained at end inspiration using M-mode during forced vital capacity were greater than for tidal breathing for diaphragm thickness (P=0.006), diaphragm thickening (P<0.001) and thickening fraction (P<0.001). The same was found for thickening (P<0.001) and thickening fraction (P<0.001). Diaphragm thickness at end-inspiration was greater in horses weighing >400kg than those ≤400kg at the inspiration (0.93±0.2 cm and 0.74±0 0.02 cm, P<0.001) and at the end of expiration (0.77±0.02 cm and 0.63±0, 02 cm, P<0.001). There was no difference in thickening fraction between horses weighing ≤400kg and >400kg (tidal breathing: 18±2 % and 16±2 %, P=0.609; forced vital capacity: 39±6 % and 31±5 %, P=0.301). Diaphragm assessment in horses is possible using both B-mode and M-mode. Breathing workload has a positive correlation between breathing workload and diaphragm contraction. Due to the relationship demonstrated between diaphragm thickness and weight, it is recommended that diaphragm thickening fraction is used to compare diaphragm measurements between horses.
超声膈肌成像技术是一种非侵入性的替代方法，可用于评估马的呼吸功能。本研究旨在测量健康成年马在潮气量呼吸和用力肺活量时的膈肌厚度、增厚（收缩时厚度的变化）和增厚分数。还研究了体重（≤400 公斤和＞400 公斤）与膈肌厚度之间的相关性。为此，研究纳入了 20 匹成年马，体重 409±50 公斤，身高 1.47±0.05 米，年龄 16±6 岁。使用 B 型和 M 型超声测量吸气末和呼气末的膈肌厚度。换能器放置在两个半胸廓的第 10、11 和 12 肋间隙。在用力肺活量时使用 M 模式测量的吸气末膈肌厚度大于潮气量呼吸（P=0.006），膈肌增厚（P<0.001）和增厚分数（P<0.001）。增厚（P<0.001）和增厚分数（P<0.001）也是如此。吸气末膈肌厚度在体重＞400 公斤的马中大于体重≤400 公斤的马（吸气末 0.93±0.2 厘米和 0.74±0.02 厘米，P<0.001）和呼气末 0.77±0.02 厘米和 0.63±0.02 厘米，P<0.001）。体重≤400 公斤和＞400 公斤的马之间的增厚分数没有差异（潮气量呼吸：18±2%和 16±2%，P=0.609；用力肺活量：39±6%和 31±5%，P=0.301）。马的膈肌评估既可以使用 B 型模式也可以使用 M 型模式。呼吸负荷与膈肌收缩之间呈正相关。由于膈肌厚度与体重之间存在相关性，因此建议使用膈肌增厚分数来比较马之间的膈肌测量值。
