Using molecular fine structure to identify optimal methods of extracting fungal glycogen.

Glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer that is an energy storage material in fungi and animals. Extraction of glycogen from its source in a way that minimizes its molecular degradation is essential to investigate its native structure. In this study, the following extraction methods were compared: sucrose gradient density ultracentrifugation, thermal alkali, hot alcohol and hot water extractions. Molecular-size and chain-length distributions of glycogen were measured by size-exclusion chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, respectively. These two fine-structure features are the most likely structural characteristics to be degraded during extraction. The results show that the thermal alkali, hot alcohol and hot water extractions degrade glycogen molecular size and/or chain-length distributions, and that sucrose gradient density ultracentrifugation with neither high temperature nor alkaline treatment is the most suitable method for fungal glycogen extraction.