Khan Alfiza Z, Patil Deepali S
Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Apr 22;16(4):e58750. doi: 10.7759/cureus.58750. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Hallux valgus (HV) is a relatively frequent disease caused by a complicated structural malformation of the primary ray. The bunion or middle projection generated by the hallux's lateral displacement and pronation is merely one element of the three-dimensional abnormality. HV may trigger severe discomfort and affect joint kinematics. The specific kinematic cause is still unknown. Female age, gender, restrictive footwear, and heritage are risk indicators. HV frequently coexists along metatarsal adducts, equines contracture, hammertoe imperfection, and pes planus. HV is a frequent foot ailment with multiple, complicated, unknown etiology and course. HV has a preference for females. It is an ongoing condition for which there is no known treatment to reduce or prevent improvement. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is distinguished by hereditary symmetrical HV deformities or symptoms that begin heterotopic calcification that is either idiopathic or caused by trauma, such as subcutaneous immunizations. Localized heterotopic calcification may be preceded by aggravating, recurring soft-tissue enlargements (flare-ups). Heterotopic calcification may happen anywhere; however, it most commonly impacts locations near the axial bone structure during the early/mild phases until advancing to the appendicular skeleton. As an effect of calcification affecting the flexibility of the joints, it might cause limitations in motion. The initial line of therapy focuses on non-surgical methods including night splinting, orthotics, and larger shoes. The next suggested line of action is surgical intervention if conservative therapy fails. Patients have good postoperative tolerance, and bone union often happens six to seven weeks after surgery. Stretching exercises help to restore function by extending shortened soft tissue and restoring range of motion (ROM). The goal of joint mobilization, a form of manual treatment method, is to extend the ligament, the soft tissue surrounding the limited joint, and the restricting joint capsule by applying modest amplitude passive movement to the joint components.
拇外翻（HV）是一种相对常见的疾病，由足第一跖骨复杂的结构畸形引起。拇趾向外移位和旋前所产生的拇囊炎或中间突出仅仅是三维异常的一个因素。HV可能引发严重不适并影响关节运动学。具体的运动学原因仍不清楚。女性年龄、性别、紧束性鞋类和遗传是风险指标。HV常与跖骨内收、马蹄足挛缩、槌状趾畸形和平足并存。HV是一种病因和病程多样、复杂且不明的常见足部疾病。HV在女性中更为常见。它是一种持续性疾病，目前尚无已知的治疗方法来减少或阻止其进展。进行性骨化性纤维发育不良（FOP）的特征是遗传性对称性HV畸形或症状，始于特发性或由创伤（如皮下免疫接种）引起的异位钙化。局部异位钙化之前可能会出现加重的、反复的软组织肿胀（发作）。异位钙化可发生在任何部位；然而，在早期/轻度阶段，它最常影响轴向骨骼结构附近的部位，直到发展到四肢骨骼。由于钙化影响关节的灵活性，它可能导致运动受限。初始治疗方法侧重于非手术方法，包括夜间夹板固定、矫形器和较大的鞋子。如果保守治疗失败，接下来建议的治疗方法是手术干预。患者术后耐受性良好，骨愈合通常在术后六到七周发生。伸展运动通过拉伸缩短的软组织和恢复运动范围（ROM）来帮助恢复功能。关节松动术是一种手法治疗方法，其目标是通过对关节部件施加适度幅度的被动运动来伸展韧带、受限关节周围的软组织和受限的关节囊。
