Adams A J, Tague M K
Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1985 Nov;62(11):744-50. doi: 10.1097/00006324-198511000-00004.
Air traffic controllers perform a number of tasks which involve color identification, color discrimination, and color naming. Normal color vision is required for air traffic controllers, although the requirement is currently under review. The most critical task involving color is the distinction of red and black on flight strips; the distinction must be made reliably, quickly, and routinely for flight safety. In this study of four protanopes and three normals, all the protanopes were unable to make this distinction reliably under the lighting levels encountered at air traffic control (ATC) centers, whereas none of the normals had any difficulty. Protanopes also made numerous errors with other ATC tasks involving color. The use of a red filter, often recommended to aid color defectives, actually made performance worse and additionally compounded the usual protanopic loss of brightness for red light. When Snellen visual acuity was tested using the red filters, protanopes needed up to four times larger letters than the color normals. It is concluded that protanopes have inadequate vision for safe performance of some current ATC tasks.
空中交通管制员执行多项涉及颜色识别、颜色辨别和颜色命名的任务。空中交通管制员需要具备正常的色觉，不过目前这一要求正在审查之中。涉及颜色的最关键任务是在飞行进程单上区分红色和黑色；为了飞行安全，必须可靠、快速且常规地做出这种区分。在这项针对四名红色盲患者和三名正常人的研究中，所有红色盲患者在空管中心遇到的光照水平下都无法可靠地做出这种区分，而所有正常人都没有任何困难。红色盲患者在涉及颜色的其他空管任务中也犯了许多错误。常被推荐用来帮助色觉有缺陷者的红色滤光片，实际上使表现更糟，还加剧了红色盲患者通常存在的红光亮度损失。当使用红色滤光片测试斯内伦视力时，红色盲患者需要比色觉正常者大四倍的字母才能看清。结论是，红色盲患者的视力不足以安全执行当前的一些空管任务。
