Sensen Barbara, Nierhaus Axel, Kluge Stefan
Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2024 Jun;149(12):714-718. doi: 10.1055/a-2128-5319. Epub 2024 May 23.
In the case of septic shock, recent studies show benefits from a combination of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, but clear guideline recommendations are still lacking. For severe community-acquired pneumonia, early corticosteroid therapy is recommended. Corticosteroid therapy should not be used in influenza-associated community-acquired pneumonia. In contrast, a significantly lower 28-day mortality rate was observed for COVID-19 by the use of dexamethasone. Current guidelines also recommend the use of corticosteroids in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. These recommendations are based primarily on studies that started steroid therapy early. However, many questions such as the type of corticosteroid, the timing and duration of therapy, and the dosage still remain unanswered.
在感染性休克的情况下,近期研究表明氢化可的松和氟氢可的松联合使用有益,但仍缺乏明确的指南推荐。对于重症社区获得性肺炎,推荐早期使用糖皮质激素治疗。糖皮质激素治疗不应应用于流感相关的社区获得性肺炎。相比之下,使用地塞米松可使 COVID-19 的 28 天死亡率显著降低。当前指南也推荐在急性呼吸窘迫综合征中使用糖皮质激素。这些推荐主要基于早期开始使用类固醇治疗的研究。然而,许多问题,如糖皮质激素的类型、治疗的时机和持续时间以及剂量,仍然没有答案。