Stoskopf M K, Zimmerman S, Hirst L W, Green R
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985 Dec 1;187(11):1141-4.
Eyes of 1,716 wild northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus; 1,501 subadults and 215 adults) were examined for the prevalence of ocular anterior segment disease; 4.6% of the seals had clinically recognizable eye lesions. Six seals had bilateral eye lesions. Corneal scars were the most frequently observed lesion, followed by prominent lens sutures, cataracts, and iris depigmentations. Corneal edema, active corneal ulceration, or inflammation was not observed. Examination of normal corneas indicated an epithelial structure similar to that of the California sea lion, with 11 to 14 layers of nucleated superficial stratified squamous cells that lacked keratohyaline granules. The seal corneal endothelium had less hexagonality than do human corneal endothelial cells, with mean endothelial cell areas of 331 to 396 micron2, similar to that found in primates.
对1716只野生北海狗（Callorhinus ursinus；1501只亚成体和215只成体）的眼睛进行了眼前节疾病患病率检查；4.6%的海狗有临床可识别的眼部病变。6只海狗有双侧眼部病变。角膜瘢痕是最常见的病变，其次是明显的晶状体缝线、白内障和虹膜色素脱失。未观察到角膜水肿、活动性角膜溃疡或炎症。对正常角膜的检查表明，其上皮结构与加州海狮相似，有11至14层有核的浅表复层鳞状细胞，缺乏透明角质颗粒。海狗角膜内皮的六角形程度低于人类角膜内皮细胞，平均内皮细胞面积为331至396平方微米，与灵长类动物相似。
