Center for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498, Russia.
BioSense Institute-Research and Development Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Apr 26;14(5):215. doi: 10.3390/bios14050215.
Graphene-based materials are actively being investigated as sensing elements for the detection of different analytes. Both graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and graphene oxide (GO) produced by the modified Hummers' method are actively used in the development of biosensors. The production costs of CVD graphene- and GO-based sensors are similar; however, the question remains regarding the most efficient graphene-based material for the construction of point-of-care diagnostic devices. To this end, in this work, we compare CVD graphene aptasensors with the aptasensors based on reduced GO (rGO) for their capabilities in the detection of NT-proBNP, which serves as the gold standard biomarker for heart failure. Both types of aptasensors were developed using commercial gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with either CVD graphene or GO formed on top as a channel of liquid-gated field-effect transistor (FET), yielding GFET and rGO-FET sensors, respectively. The functional properties of the two types of aptasensors were compared. Both demonstrate good dynamic range from 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL. The limit of detection for NT-proBNP in artificial saliva was 100 fg/mL and 1 pg/mL for rGO-FET- and GFET-based aptasensors, respectively. While CVD GFET demonstrates less variations in parameters, higher sensitivity was demonstrated by the rGO-FET due to its higher roughness and larger bandgap. The demonstrated low cost and scalability of technology for both types of graphene-based aptasensors may be applicable for the development of different graphene-based biosensors for rapid, stable, on-site, and highly sensitive detection of diverse biochemical markers.
基于石墨烯的材料作为不同分析物检测的传感元件正受到广泛关注。通过化学气相沉积（CVD）生长的石墨烯和通过改良的 Hummers 法制备的氧化石墨烯（GO）都被积极用于生物传感器的开发。CVD 石墨烯和 GO 基传感器的生产成本相似；然而，对于构建即时诊断设备最有效的基于石墨烯的材料仍存在疑问。为此，在这项工作中，我们比较了 CVD 石墨烯适体传感器和基于还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）的适体传感器，以评估它们在检测 NT-proBNP 方面的能力，NT-proBNP 是心力衰竭的金标准生物标志物。这两种适体传感器均使用商业金叉指电极（IDE）进行开发，其顶部形成 CVD 石墨烯或 GO 作为液体栅场效应晶体管（FET）的通道，分别得到 GFET 和 rGO-FET 传感器。比较了两种适体传感器的功能特性。两种传感器均在 10 fg/mL 至 100 pg/mL 的范围内具有良好的动态范围。rGO-FET 和 GFET 基适体传感器检测人工唾液中 NT-proBNP 的检出限分别为 100 fg/mL 和 1 pg/mL。尽管 CVD GFET 的参数变化较小，但 rGO-FET 由于其更高的粗糙度和更大的带隙而表现出更高的灵敏度。这两种基于石墨烯的适体传感器所展示的低成本和技术可扩展性，可能适用于开发不同的基于石墨烯的生物传感器，用于快速、稳定、现场和高灵敏度地检测各种生化标志物。
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