Komarova Natalia, Panova Olga, Titov Alexey, Kuznetsov Alexander
Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, 1-7 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia.
Biomedicines. 2022 May 6;10(5):1085. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10051085.
The detection of cardiac biomarkers is used for diagnostics, prognostics, and the risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases. The analysis of cardiac biomarkers is routinely performed with high-sensitivity immunological assays. Aptamers offer an attractive alternative to antibodies for analytical applications but, to date, are not widely practically implemented in diagnostics and medicinal research. This review summarizes the information on the most common cardiac biomarkers and the current state of aptamer research regarding these biomarkers. Aptamers as an analytical tool are well established for troponin I, troponin T, myoglobin, and C-reactive protein. For the rest of the considered cardiac biomarkers, the isolation of novel aptamers or more detailed characterization of the known aptamers are required. More attention should be addressed to the development of dual-aptamer sandwich detection assays and to the studies of aptamer sensing in alternative biological fluids. The universalization of aptamer-based biomarker detection platforms and the integration of aptamer-based sensing to clinical studies are demanded for the practical implementation of aptamers to routine diagnostics. Nevertheless, the wide usage of aptamers for the diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases is promising for the future, with respect to both point-of-care and laboratory testing.
心脏生物标志物的检测用于心血管疾病的诊断、预后评估和风险评估。心脏生物标志物的分析通常采用高灵敏度免疫测定法。适体为分析应用提供了一种有吸引力的替代抗体的方法，但迄今为止，尚未在诊断和医学研究中广泛实际应用。本综述总结了有关最常见心脏生物标志物的信息以及针对这些生物标志物的适体研究现状。适体作为一种分析工具，在肌钙蛋白I、肌钙蛋白T、肌红蛋白和C反应蛋白的检测方面已得到充分确立。对于其余所考虑的心脏生物标志物，需要分离新型适体或对已知适体进行更详细的表征。应更多关注双适体夹心检测法的开发以及在替代生物流体中的适体传感研究。为了将适体实际应用于常规诊断，需要实现基于适体的生物标志物检测平台的通用化以及将基于适体的传感技术整合到临床研究中。尽管如此，就即时检测和实验室检测而言，适体在心血管疾病诊断中的广泛应用在未来是很有前景的。
