Giordano Vincenza, Guillari Assunta, Sansone Vincenza, Catone Maria, Rea Teresa
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Public Health Department, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 May 9;12(10):972. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12100972.
Barriers to accessing care and misinterpretations of ischemic heart disease symptoms due to lack of awareness contribute to women's delay in seeking care. Women may delay seeking treatment for up to 3 h or even up to 5 days. They often perceive themselves to be at low risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prioritize family responsibilities or household chores. The causes of this delay are multifactorial and influence the decision-making process, particularly in the pre-hospital phase. The objective of this study protocol is to evaluate prodromal symptoms and identify risk behaviors in women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is a protocol for a multicenter study that will be conducted using the mixed-method methodology using the McSweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey (MAPMISS) to evaluate symptoms and semi-structured interviews to investigate behaviors. This study protocol is intended to fill an important knowledge gap on premonitory and acute symptoms of AMI in women in Italy, as well as to understand the causes and mechanisms underlying delays in accessing healthcare services during an acute event such as AMI. The investigation of this issue will facilitate the removal of gender-related inequalities in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction while also fostering dialogue on the barriers to behavior change.
由于缺乏认知，获得医疗服务的障碍以及对缺血性心脏病症状的误解导致女性延迟就医。女性可能会延迟寻求治疗长达3小时甚至长达5天。她们通常认为自己患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险较低，并将家庭责任或家务事置于优先地位。这种延迟的原因是多方面的，会影响决策过程，尤其是在院前阶段。本研究方案的目的是评估前驱症状并识别急性心肌梗死（AMI）女性患者的风险行为。这是一项多中心研究的方案，将采用混合方法，使用麦克休尼急性和前驱心肌梗死症状调查（MAPMISS）来评估症状，并通过半结构化访谈来调查行为。本研究方案旨在填补意大利女性急性心肌梗死前驱和急性症状方面的重要知识空白，同时了解急性心肌梗死等急性事件期间获得医疗服务延迟的原因和机制。对这一问题的调查将有助于消除急性心肌梗死诊断和治疗中与性别相关的不平等现象，同时促进关于行为改变障碍的对话。
