Di Pietro Giada Maria, Marchisio Paola, Bosi Pietro, Castellazzi Massimo Luca, Lemieux Paul
Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Pathogens. 2024 Apr 24;13(5):350. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13050350.
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) presents a significant global health burden due to its diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. While historically stable, the incidence of GAS infections declined during the COVID-19 pandemic but resurged following the relaxation of preventive measures. Despite general responsiveness to β-lactam antibiotics, there remains an urgent need for a GAS vaccine due to its substantial global disease burden, particularly in low-resource settings. Vaccine development faces numerous challenges, including the extensive strain diversity, the lack of suitable animal models for testing, potential autoimmune complications, and the need for global distribution, while addressing socioeconomic disparities in vaccine access. Several vaccine candidates are in various stages of development, offering hope for effective prevention strategies in the future.
A组链球菌（GAS）因其临床表现多样，从轻度感染到危及生命的侵袭性疾病，给全球健康带来了重大负担。虽然历史上较为稳定，但GAS感染的发病率在新冠疫情期间有所下降，但在预防措施放松后又有所回升。尽管对β-内酰胺类抗生素总体有反应，但由于其全球疾病负担沉重，特别是在资源匮乏地区，因此迫切需要一种GAS疫苗。疫苗研发面临诸多挑战，包括菌株多样性广泛、缺乏合适的动物模型进行测试、潜在的自身免疫并发症以及全球分发的需求，同时还要解决疫苗获取方面的社会经济差异。几种候选疫苗正处于不同的研发阶段，为未来有效的预防策略带来了希望。
