National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
BMC Microbiol. 2024 May 24;24(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03323-3.
Ticks are blood-feeding significant arthropods that can harbour various microorganisms, including pathogens that pose health risks to humans and animals. Tick-symbiont microorganisms are believed to influence tick development, but the intricate interactions between these microbes and the relationships between different tick-borne microorganisms remain largely unexplored.
Based on 111 tick pool samples presenting questing and engorged statuses including 752 questing tick and 1083 engorged tick from cattle and goats, which were collected in two types of geographic landscape (semi-desert and alpine meadow). We observed significant variations in the composition of tick-borne microorganisms across different environments and blood-engorgement statuses, with a pronounced divergence in symbionts compared to environmental bacteria. Metabolic predictions revealed over 90 differential pathways for tick-borne microorganisms in distinct environments and more than 80 metabolic variations in response to varying blood engorgement statuses. Interestingly, nine pathways were identified, particularly related to chorismate synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, microbial network relationships within tick-borne microorganism groups were highly distinct across different environments and blood-engorgement statuses. The microbial network relationships of symbionts involve some pathogenic and environmental microorganisms. Regression modelling highlighted positive correlations between the Coxiella symbiont and related pathogens, while some environmental bacteria showed strong negative correlations with Coxiella abundance. We also identified commensal bacteria/pathogens in bacterial cooccurrence patterns. Furthermore, we tested pathogenic microorganisms of each tick sample analysis revealed that 86.36% (1601/1855) of the tick samples carried one or more pathogenic microorganisms, The total carrier rate of bacterial pathogens was 43.77% ((812/1855). Most blood samples carried at least one pathogenic microorganism. The pathogens carried by the ticks have both genus and species diversity, and Rickettsia species are the most abundant pathogens among all pathogens.
Our findings underscore that the bacterial pattern of ticks is dynamic and unstable, which is influenced by the environment factors and tick developmental characteristics.
蜱是吸血的重要节肢动物，可携带各种微生物，包括对人类和动物健康构成威胁的病原体。蜱共生微生物被认为会影响蜱的发育，但这些微生物之间的复杂相互作用以及不同蜱传微生物之间的关系在很大程度上仍未得到探索。
基于 111 个蜱虫样本池，包括来自牛和山羊的 752 个吸血蜱和 1083 个饱血蜱，这些样本处于吸血和饱血状态，分别采集于两种地理景观（半荒漠和高山草甸）。我们观察到，在不同的环境和血液饱血状态下，蜱传微生物的组成存在显著差异，与环境细菌相比，共生体存在明显的分歧。代谢预测显示，在不同的环境中，蜱传微生物有超过 90 条差异途径，而对不同的血液饱血状态有超过 80 种代谢变化。有趣的是，确定了 9 条途径，特别是与分支酸合成和碳水化合物代谢有关。此外，在不同的环境和血液饱血状态下，蜱传微生物组内的微生物网络关系高度不同。共生体的微生物网络关系涉及一些致病性和环境微生物。回归模型突出了考克斯氏体共生体与相关病原体之间的正相关关系，而一些环境细菌与考克斯氏体丰度呈强烈负相关。我们还在细菌共现模式中发现了共生细菌/病原体。此外，我们测试了每个蜱虫样本的致病性微生物，结果显示 86.36%（1601/1855）的蜱虫样本携带一种或多种致病性微生物，细菌病原体的总携带率为 43.77%（812/1855）。大多数血液样本携带至少一种致病性微生物。蜱虫携带的病原体具有属和种多样性，其中立克次体种类是所有病原体中最丰富的病原体。
我们的研究结果表明，蜱虫的细菌模式是动态和不稳定的，受环境因素和蜱虫发育特征的影响。
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