Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China.
National Medium and Small Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Repository (Changsha), Changsha 410125, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 May 11;15(5):610. doi: 10.3390/genes15050610.
Fertilization is an essential aspect of tea plantation management that supports a sustainable tea production and drastically influences soil microbial communities. However, few research studies have focused on the differences of microbial communities and the variation in tea quality in response to different fertilization treatments. In this work, the soil fertility, tea quality, and soil microbial communities were investigated in two domestic tea plantations following the application of chemical and organic fertilizers. We determined the content of mineral elements in the soil, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and found that the supplementation of chemical fertilizer directly increased the content of mineral elements. However, the application of organic fertilizer significantly improved the accumulation of tea polyphenols and reduced the content of caffeine. Furthermore, amplicon sequencing results showed that the different ways of applying fertilizer have limited effect on the alpha diversity of the microbial community in the soil while the beta diversity was remarkably influenced. This work also suggests that the bacterial community structure and abundance were also relatively constant while the fungal community structure and abundance were dramatically influenced; for example, Chaetomiaceae at the family level, Hypocreaceae at the order level, Trichoderma at the genus level, and Fusarium oxysporum at the species level were predominantly enriched in the tea plantation applying organic fertilizer. Moreover, the bacterial and fungal biomarkers were also analyzed and it was found that Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria (bacteria) and Tremellomycetes (fungi) were potentially characterized as biomarkers in the plantation under organic fertilization. These results provide a valuable basis for the application of organic fertilizer to improve the soil of tea plantations in the future.
受精是茶园管理的一个重要方面，它支持可持续的茶叶生产，并对土壤微生物群落产生重大影响。然而，很少有研究关注微生物群落的差异以及不同施肥处理对茶叶质量的变化。在这项工作中，我们调查了两个国内茶园在施用化学肥料和有机肥后的土壤肥力、茶叶质量和土壤微生物群落。我们测定了土壤中氮、磷、钾等矿质元素的含量，发现施用化肥直接增加了矿质元素的含量。然而，有机肥的应用显著提高了茶多酚的积累，降低了咖啡因的含量。此外，扩增子测序结果表明，不同的施肥方式对土壤微生物群落的 alpha 多样性影响有限，而 beta 多样性则受到显著影响。这项工作还表明，细菌群落结构和丰度相对稳定，而真菌群落结构和丰度则受到显著影响；例如，在施用有机肥的茶园中，子囊菌科（真菌科）、腔孢纲（真菌目）、木霉属（真菌属）和尖孢镰刀菌（真菌种）在属水平上明显富集。此外，还分析了细菌和真菌的生物标志物，发现变形菌门和γ-变形菌纲（细菌）和小酵母纲（真菌）可能是有机施肥茶园的特征生物标志物。这些结果为未来应用有机肥改善茶园土壤提供了有价值的依据。
