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锰和钒共同暴露会导致嗅觉系统严重神经毒性:与金属诱导的帕金森病有关。

Manganese and Vanadium Co-Exposure Induces Severe Neurotoxicity in the Olfactory System: Relevance to Metal-Induced Parkinsonism.

机构信息

Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.

Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 13;25(10):5285. doi: 10.3390/ijms25105285.

Abstract

Chronic environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, which often occurs as a mixture through occupational and industrial sources, has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Parkinsonism. Vanadium pentoxide (VO) typically presents along with manganese (Mn), especially in welding rods and high-capacity batteries, including electric vehicle batteries; however, the neurotoxic effects of vanadium (V) and Mn co-exposure are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the neurotoxic impact of MnCl, VO and MnCl-VO co-exposure in an animal model. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered either de-ionized water (vehicle), MnCl (252 µg) alone, VO (182 µg) alone, or a mixture of MnCl (252 µg) and VO (182 µg) three times a week for up to one month. Following exposure, we performed behavioral, neurochemical, and histological studies. Our results revealed dramatic decreases in olfactory bulb (OB) weight and levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the treatment groups compared to the control group, with the Mn/V co-treatment group producing the most significant changes. Interestingly, increased levels of α-synuclein expression were observed in the substantia nigra (SN) of treated animals. Additionally, treatment groups exhibited locomotor deficits and olfactory dysfunction, with the co-treatment group producing the most severe deficits. The treatment groups exhibited increased levels of the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal in the striatum and SN, as well as the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein PKCδ and accumulation of glomerular astroglia in the OB. The co-exposure of animals to Mn/V resulted in higher levels of these metals compared to other treatment groups. Taken together, our results suggest that co-exposure to Mn/V can adversely affect the olfactory and nigral systems. These results highlight the possible role of environmental metal mixtures in the etiology of Parkinsonism.

摘要

慢性环境暴露于有毒重金属,这种暴露通常通过职业和工业来源以混合物的形式发生,与各种神经紊乱有关,包括帕金森病。五氧化二钒(VO)通常与锰(Mn)一起存在,特别是在焊条和高容量电池中,包括电动汽车电池;然而,钒(V)和 Mn 共同暴露的神经毒性影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们在动物模型中研究了 MnCl、VO 和 MnCl-VO 共同暴露的神经毒性影响。C57BL/6 小鼠每周三次通过鼻腔给予去离子水(载体)、单独的 MnCl(252 µg)、单独的 VO(182 µg)或 MnCl(252 µg)和 VO(182 µg)的混合物,持续一个月。暴露后,我们进行了行为、神经化学和组织学研究。我们的结果表明,与对照组相比,处理组的嗅球(OB)重量和酪氨酸羟化酶、多巴胺和 3,4-二羟苯乙酸水平显著降低,而 Mn/V 共同处理组产生的变化最大。有趣的是,在处理动物的黑质(SN)中观察到α-突触核蛋白表达增加。此外,处理组表现出运动缺陷和嗅觉功能障碍,而共同处理组的缺陷最严重。处理组的纹状体和 SN 中氧化应激标志物 4-羟基壬烯醛水平升高,以及促凋亡蛋白 PKCδ 的上调和 OB 中肾小球星形胶质细胞的积累。与其他处理组相比,动物共同暴露于 Mn/V 导致这些金属水平升高。总的来说,我们的结果表明,Mn/V 的共同暴露可能会对嗅觉和黑质系统产生不利影响。这些结果强调了环境金属混合物在帕金森病发病机制中的可能作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5909/11121436/391347e29ba1/ijms-25-05285-g001.jpg

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