Horala Agnieszka, Szubert Sebastian, Nowak-Markwitz Ewa
Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 May 11;16(10):1848. doi: 10.3390/cancers16101848.
Endometrial cancer (EC) poses a significant health issue among women, and its incidence has been rising for a couple of decades. Surgery remains its principal treatment method and may have a curative, staging, or palliative aim. The type and extent of surgery depends on many factors, and the risks and benefits should be carefully weighed. While simple hysterectomy might be sufficient in early stage EC, modified-radical hysterectomy is sometimes indicated. In advanced disease, the evidence suggests that, similarly to ovarian cancer, optimal cytoreduction improves survival rate. The role of lymphadenectomy in EC patients has long been a controversial issue. The rationale for systematic lymphadenectomy and the procedure of the sentinel lymph node biopsy are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the impact of the molecular classification and new International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system on EC treatment is outlined. Due to the increasing knowledge on the pathology and molecular features of EC, as well as the new advances in the adjuvant therapies, the surgical management of EC has become more complex. In the modern approach, it is essential to adjust the extent of the surgery to a specific patient, ensuring an optimal, made-to-measure personalized surgery. This narrative review focuses on the intricacies of surgical management of EC and aims at summarizing the available literature on the subject, providing an up-to-date clinical guide.
子宫内膜癌(EC)是女性面临的一个重大健康问题,其发病率在过去几十年中一直在上升。手术仍然是其主要治疗方法,可能具有治愈、分期或姑息治疗的目的。手术的类型和范围取决于许多因素,应仔细权衡风险和益处。虽然早期子宫内膜癌单纯子宫切除术可能就足够了,但有时需要行改良根治性子宫切除术。在晚期疾病中,有证据表明,与卵巢癌类似,最佳细胞减灭术可提高生存率。淋巴结清扫术在子宫内膜癌患者中的作用长期以来一直是一个有争议的问题。本文将深入讨论系统性淋巴结清扫术的基本原理和前哨淋巴结活检的操作过程。最后,概述分子分类和新的国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期系统对子宫内膜癌治疗的影响。由于对子宫内膜癌病理学和分子特征的认识不断增加,以及辅助治疗的新进展,子宫内膜癌的手术管理变得更加复杂。在现代治疗方法中,根据特定患者调整手术范围,确保实现最佳的、量身定制的个性化手术至关重要。这篇叙述性综述聚焦于子宫内膜癌手术管理的复杂性,旨在总结该主题的现有文献,提供最新的临床指南。